Expert Search
Quick Search
List of Search Fields
| Field Abbreviation | Field Name | Description |
Example Search |
| 1AU | First Author | The first personal author name listed for a record. |
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| AB | Abstract Text | Text included in the "abstract" and "other abstract" (if supplied) fields of a record. For PubMed articles, English language abstracts are taken directly from the published article. If an article does not have a published abstract, PubMed does not create one. |
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| AD | Affiliation | The institutional affiliation and address (including e-mail address) of the first author of the article as it appears in the journal. This field can be used to search for work done at specific institutions. |
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| ADP | Article Date Published | This is typically a date the article was published in electronic format, often times before the Journal Date Published. |
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| ALL | All Fields | Searches against all search fields. NOTE: This is the default search field if no field is specified. |
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| AU | Author | Searches all authors for an article. To search just the first author of a record, use [1AU]. Note: The [AU] behaves exactly the same as the [FAU] field. |
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| CN | Corporate Author | The corporate or collective authorship of an article. Corporate names display exactly as they appear in the journal. |
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| DP | Publication Date | The date that the article was published. |
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| DTRE | Date Revised | The date a change was last made to a record as a result of NLM's individual or global maintenance. NOTE: This date is supplied by the NLM and they inform users not to "depend on [the] initial presence of [this date] or [a] change to [this date's] value to indicate that a record has been maintained." |
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| EDP | Earlier Date Published | This is the earlier of the Print Publication Date or the Electronic Publication Date. |
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| FAU | Full Author Name | Searches all authors for each record. To search just the first author of a record, use [1AU]. Note: The [FAU] field behaves exactly the same as the [AU] field. |
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| FIR | Investigator/Collaborator Name | The full investigator or collaborator name for articles, if available. |
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| GR | Grant Number | Research grant numbers, contract numbers, or both that designate financial support by any agency of the US PHS (Public Health Service), several United Kingdom granting agencies and other funding sources. |
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| IP | Issue | The number of the journal issue in which the article was published. |
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| JIDP | Journal Date Published | This is the date the document appeared in a printed journal. |
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| IR | Investigator/Collaborator Name | Names of principal investigator(s) or collaborators who contributed to the research. |
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| JID | NLM Unique Identifier | The alpha-numeric identifier for the cited journal that was assigned by NLM's Integrated Library System. |
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| LA | Language | The language in which the article was published. Note: Many non-English articles have English language abstracts. You can either enter the language or enter just the first three characters of most languages, e.g., chi [la] retrieves the same as chinese [la]. The most notable exception is jpn [la] for Japanese. |
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| LASTAU | Last Author | The last personal author name in a citation. |
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| LID | Location ID | The DOI or publisher ID that serves the role of pagination to locate an online article. |
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| MAJR | MeSH Major Topic | A MeSH term that is one of the main topics discussed in the article. |
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| MH | MeSH Terms | All MeSH terms related to the article. |
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| NM | Substance Name | The name of a chemical discussed in the article. |
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| OT | Other Term | Mostly non-MeSH subject terms (keywords), including NASA Space Flight Mission, assigned by an organization other than NLM. |
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| OWNER | Owner | Acronym that identifies the organization that supplied the citation data. |
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| PG | Pagination | Enter only the first page number on wihch the article appears. The citation will display the full pagination of the article but this field is searchable using only the first page number. |
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| PL | Place of Publication | Indicates the cited journal's country of publication. Geographic Place of Publication regions are not searchable. In order to retrieve records for all countries in a region (e.g., North America) it is necessary to OR together the countries of interest. Note: This field IS included in All Fields or Text Word retrieval. |
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| PMID | Unique ID | PubMed Unique Identifier PMID. |
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| PS | Personal Name as Subject | Use this search field tag to limit retrieval to where the name is the subject of the article |
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| PT | Publication Type | Describes the type of material the article represents (e.g., Review, Clinical Trial, Retracted Publication, Letter.) |
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| RN | EC/RN Number | Number assigned by the Enzyme Commission (EC) to designate a particular enzyme or by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) for Registry Numbers |
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| SB | Subset | Method of restricting retrieval by topic, citation status and journal/citation subsets. |
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| SFM | Space Flight Mission | The Space Flight Mission identifier for the record. |
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| SH | MeSH Subheadings | MeSH terms flagged as subheadings in the record. |
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| SI | Secondary Source ID | The SI field identifies secondary source databanks and accession numbers, e.g., GenBank, GEO, PubChem, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN. The field is composed of the source followed by a slash followed by an accession number and can be searched with one or both components. |
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| TA | Journal Title | The journal title abbreviation, full journal title, or ISSN number. |
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| TI | Title | Words and numbers included in the title of a citation. |
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| TIAB | Title/Abstract | Words and numbers included in the title, abstract, and other abstract of a citation. English language abstracts are taken directly from the published article. If an article does not have a published abstract, PubMed does not create one. |
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| TT | Transliterated Title | Words and numbers in title originally published in a non-English language, in that language. Non-Roman alphabet language title are transliterated. |
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| TW | Text Words | Searches against all search fields. Note: This is the same as the [ALL] field. |
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| VI | Volume | The number of the journal volume in which an article is published. |
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| Fields related to comments and correction | |||
| Field Abbreviation | Field Name | Description |
Example Search |
| partialretractionin | Partial Retraction In | Cites the reference containing a partial retraction of the article; began use in 2007. |
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| partialretractionof | Partial Retraction Of | Cites the article being partially retracted; began use in 2007. |
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| republishedfrom | Republished From | Cites the original article subsequently corrected and republished; began use in 1987. |
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| republishedin | Republished In | Cites the final, correct version of a corrected and republished article; began use in 1987. |
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| retractionof | Retraction Of | Cites the article being retracted; began use in August 1984. |
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| retractionin | Retraction In | Cites the reference containing a retraction of the article; began use in August 1984. |
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| updatein | Update In | Cites the reference containing an update to the article; began limited use in 2001. |
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| updateof | Update Of | Cites the article being updated; limited use; began limited use in 2001. |
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| summaryforpatientsin | Summary For Patients In | Cites the reference containing a patient summary article; began use in Nov. 2001 |
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| originalreportin | Original Report In | Cites a scientific article associated with a patient summary. |
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| republishedin | Republished In | Cites the subsequent (and possibly abridged) version of a republished article; began use in 2006. |
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| republishedfrom | Republished From | Cites the first, originally published article; began use in 2006. |
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| commentin | Comment In | Cites the reference containing a comment about the article; began use with journal issues published in 1989. |
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| commenton | Comment On | Cites the reference upon which the article comments; began use with journal issues published in 1989. |
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| erretumin | Erratum In | Cites the reference containing a published erratum to the article; began use in 1987. |
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| erratumfor | Erratum For | Cites the original article for which there is a published erratum. |
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