| The role of oestrogens in the adaptation of islets to insulin resistance. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19687125 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Pregnancy is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, which is developed in parallel with a plasma increase of maternal hormones; these include prolactin, placental lactogens, progesterone and oestradiol among others. Maternal insulin resistance is counteracted by the adaptation of the islets of Langerhans to the higher insulin demand. If this adjustment is not produced, gestational diabetes may be developed. The adaptation process of islets is characterized by an increase of insulin biosynthesis, an enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and an increase of beta-cell mass. It is not completely understood why, in some individuals, beta-cell mass and function fail to adapt to the metabolic demands of pregnancy, yet a disruption of the beta-cell response to maternal hormones may play a key part. The role of the maternal hormone 17beta-oestradiol (E2) in this adaptation process has been largely unknown. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that E2 acts directly on beta-cells to increase insulin biosynthesis and to enhance GSIS through different molecular mechanisms. E2 does not increase beta-cell proliferation but it is involved in beta-cell survival. Classical oestrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, as well as the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) seem to be involved in these adaptation changes. In addition, as the main production of E2 in post-menopausal women comes from the adipose tissue, E2 may act as a messenger between adipocytes and islets in obesity. |
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Authors:
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Angel Nadal; Paloma Alonso-Magdalena; Sergi Soriano; Ana B Ropero; Ivan Quesada |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2009-08-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of physiology Volume: 587 ISSN: 1469-7793 ISO Abbreviation: J. Physiol. (Lond.) Publication Date: 2009 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-11-02 Completed Date: 2010-01-06 Revised Date: 2010-11-02 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0266262 Medline TA: J Physiol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 5031-7 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain. nadal@umh.es |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Estrogens / metabolism* Female Humans Insulin Resistance / physiology* Islets of Langerhans / cytology*, physiology* Pregnancy / metabolism* Signal Transduction / physiology* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Estrogens |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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