Document Detail


Role of cellular cholesterol metabolism in vascular cell calcification.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21835914     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Vascular calcification impairs vessel compliance and increases the risk of cardiovascular events. We found previously that liver X receptor agonists, which regulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, augment PKA agonist- or high phosphate-induced osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Because cholesterol is an integral component of the matrix vesicles that nucleate calcium mineral, we examined the role of cellular cholesterol metabolism in vascular cell mineralization. The results showed that vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from LDL receptor null (Ldlr(-/-)) mice, which have impaired cholesterol uptake, had lower levels of intracellular cholesterol and less osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, compared with WT cells. PKA activation with forskolin acutely induced genes that promote cholesterol uptake (LDL receptor) and biosynthesis (HMG-CoA reductase). In WT cells, inhibition of cholesterol uptake by lipoprotein-deficient serum attenuated forskolin-induced matrix mineralization, which was partially reversed by the addition of cell-permeable cholesterol. Prolonged activation of both uptake and biosynthesis pathways by cotreatment with a liver X receptor agonist further augmented forskolin-induced matrix mineralization. Inhibition of either cholesterol uptake, using Ldlr(-/-) cells, or of cholesterol biosynthesis, using mevastatin-treated WT cells, failed to inhibit matrix mineralization due to up-regulation of the respective compensatory pathway. Inhibition of both pathways simultaneously using mevastatin-treated Ldlr(-/-) cells did inhibit forskolin-induced matrix mineralization. Altogether, the results suggest that up-regulation of cholesterol metabolism is essential for matrix mineralization by vascular cells.
Authors:
Yifan Geng; Jeffrey J Hsu; Jinxiu Lu; Tabitha C Ting; Makoto Miyazaki; Linda L Demer; Yin Tintut
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2011-08-11
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of biological chemistry     Volume:  286     ISSN:  1083-351X     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Biol. Chem.     Publication Date:  2011 Sep 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-09-19     Completed Date:  2011-11-23     Revised Date:  2012-05-01    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985121R     Medline TA:  J Biol Chem     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  33701-6     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1679, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Blood Vessels / metabolism*,  pathology*
Bone Matrix / metabolism
Calcification, Physiologic
Calcinosis / metabolism*,  pathology*
Cattle
Cell Differentiation
Cholesterol / biosynthesis,  metabolism*
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism
Enzyme Activation
Gene Expression Regulation
Mice
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / metabolism*,  pathology*
Osteoblasts / metabolism,  pathology
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Serum
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
DK081346/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; DK081346-S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; HL081202/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK081346-01A2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK081346-01A2S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK081346-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK081346-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK081346-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R21 DK076009-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R21 HL109628/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R21 HL109628-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R25GM083333/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
57-88-5/Cholesterol; EC 2.7.11.11/Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

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