| The role of adrenal steroidogenesis in arterial hypertension. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18493138 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Adrenal aldosterone production, the major regulator of salt and water retention, is discussed with respect to hypertensive diseases. Physiological aldosterone production is tightly regulated, either stimulated or inhibited, in the adrenal zona glomerulosa by both circulating factors and/or by locally derived endothelial factors. Arterial hypertension caused by volume overload is the leading clinical symptom indicating increased mineralocorticoid hormones. Excessive aldosterone production is seen in adenomatous disease of the adrenals. The balance between stimulatory/proliferative and antagonistic signaling is disturbed by expression of altered receptor subtypes in the adenomas. Increased aldosterone production without a detectable adenoma is the most frequent form of primary aldosteronism. Both increased sensitivity to agonistic signals and activating polymorphisms within the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) have been associated with excessive aldosterone production. 17alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency and glucocorticoidremediable aldosteronism can also cause excessive mineralocorticoid synthesis. In contrast, the severe form of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, is characterized by a compromised volume expansion in the presence of inappropriately low aldosterone levels. Initial evidence suggests that compromised CYP11B2 is causative, and that administration of NaCl lowered blood pressure in pregnant patients with low aldosterone availability due to a loss of function. |
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Authors:
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Markus G Mohaupt |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Endocrine development Volume: 13 ISSN: 1421-7082 ISO Abbreviation: Endocr Dev Publication Date: 2008 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-05-21 Completed Date: 2008-08-11 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101138956 Medline TA: Endocr Dev Country: Switzerland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 133-44 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Hypertension, Department of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. markus.mohaupt@insel.ch |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adrenal Glands
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metabolism*,
physiology Aldosterone / biosynthesis, deficiency, physiology Animals Blood Pressure / physiology Female Humans Hyperaldosteronism / etiology, metabolism, physiopathology Hypertension / etiology*, metabolism Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / etiology Mineralocorticoids / biosynthesis Pregnancy Steroids / biosynthesis*, physiology* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Mineralocorticoids; 0/Steroids; 52-39-1/Aldosterone |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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