| The role of RTX toxins in host specificity of animal pathogenic Pasteurellaceae. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21645978 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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RTX toxins are bacterial pore-forming toxins that are particularly abundant among pathogenic species of Pasteurellaceae, in which they play a major role in virulence. RTX toxins of several primary pathogens of the family of Pasteurellaceae are directly involved in causing necrotic lesions in the target organs. Many RTX toxins are known as haemolysins because they lyse erythrocytes in vitro, an effect that is non-specific, but which serves as a useful marker in bacteriological identification and as an easily measurable signal in vitro in experimental studies. More recent studies have shown that the specific targets of most RTX toxins are leukocytes, with RTX toxins binding to the corresponding β-subunit (CD18) of β2 integrins and then exerting cytotoxic activity. After uptake by the target cell, at sub-lytic concentrations, some RTX toxins are transported to mitochondria and induce apoptosis. For several RTX toxins the binding to CD18 has been shown to be host specific and this seems to be the basis for the host range specificity of these RTX toxins. Observations on two very closely related species of the Pasteurellaceae family, Actinobacillus suis, a porcine pathogen particularly affecting suckling pigs, and Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolytica, which causes pyosepticaemia in new-born foals (sleepy foal disease), have revealed that they express different RTX toxins, named ApxI/II and Aqx, respectively. These RTX toxins are specifically cytotoxic for porcine and equine leukocytes, respectively. Furthermore, the ApxI and Aqx toxins of these species, when expressed in an isogenetic background in Escherichia coli, are specifically cytotoxic for leukocytes of their respective hosts. These data indicate the determinative role of RTX toxins in host specificity of pathogenic species of Pasteurellaceae. |
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Authors:
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Joachim Frey |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-5-19 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Veterinary microbiology Volume: - ISSN: 1873-2542 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-6-7 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7705469 Medline TA: Vet Microbiol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Laenggasstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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