| The rat: a laboratory model for studies of the diving response. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20093670 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Underwater submersion in mammals induces apnea, parasympathetically mediated bradycardia, and sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction. These effects are collectively termed the diving response, potentially the most powerful autonomic reflex known. Although these physiological responses are directed by neurons in the brain, study of neural control of the diving response has been hampered since 1) it is difficult to study the brains of animals while they are underwater, 2) feral marine mammals are usually large and have brains of variable size, and 3) there are but few references on the brains of naturally diving species. Similar responses are elicited in anesthetized rodents after stimulation of their nasal mucosa, but this nasopharyngeal reflex has not been compared directly with natural diving behavior in the rat. In the present study, we compared hemodynamic responses elicited in awake rats during volitional underwater submersion with those of rats swimming on the water's surface, rats involuntarily submerged, and rats either anesthetized or decerebrate and stimulated nasally with ammonia vapors. We show that the hemodynamic changes to voluntary diving in the rat are similar to those of naturally diving marine mammals. We also show that the responses of voluntary diving rats are 1) significantly different from those seen during swimming, 2) generally similar to those elicited in trained rats involuntarily "dunked" underwater, and 3) generally different from those seen from dunking naive rats underwater. Nasal stimulation of anesthetized rats differed most from the hemodynamic variables of rats trained to dive voluntarily. We propose that the rat trained to dive underwater is an excellent laboratory model to study neural control of the mammalian diving response, and also suggest that some investigations may be done with nasal stimulation of decerebrate preparations to decipher such control. |
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Authors:
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W Michael Panneton; Qi Gan; Rajko Juric |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-01-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Volume: 108 ISSN: 1522-1601 ISO Abbreviation: J. Appl. Physiol. Publication Date: 2010 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-08-17 Completed Date: 2010-11-16 Revised Date: 2011-09-26 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8502536 Medline TA: J Appl Physiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 811-20 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104-1028, USA. pannetwm@slu.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Administration, Inhalation Ammonia / pharmacology Animals Decerebrate State / physiopathology Diving / physiology* Heart Rate / physiology Hemodynamics / drug effects, physiology* Male Models, Animal* Nasal Mucosa / drug effects Oxygen Consumption / physiology* Parasympathetic Nervous System / physiology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Swimming / physiology Vasoconstriction / physiology |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HL-64772/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL064772-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL064772-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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7664-41-7/Ammonia |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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