| A probabilistic model for deriving soil quality criteria based on secondary poisoning of top predators. II. Calculations for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and cadmium. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 8812196 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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A simplified food web with three trophic levels is designed: plants and invertebrates at the first, small birds and mammals at the second, and birds and beasts of prey at the third trophic level. Exposure of top predators via separate food chains is analyzed. However, most top predator species are exposed via more than one food chain (food web). Therefore, a species-specific approach is followed too, for which four bird of prey species and two beast of prey species with different food choices are selected: sparrow hawk, kestrel, barn owl, little owl, badger, and weasel. The most critical food chains for secondary poisoning of top predators are soil --> worm/insect --> bird --> bird of prey for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and soil --> worm --> bird/mammal --> bird of prey for cadmium (Cd). The risk for the selected top predator species is much lower than the risk based on these critical food chains because the critical food chains constitute a minor part of their food webs. Species feeding on birds (sparrow hawk) and small carnivorous mammals (barn owl) are exposed to DDT and Cd to a much higher extent than species mainly feeding on small herbivorous mammals (kestrel and weasel). It is recommended to include exposure via the pathways soil --> worm/insect --> bird/mammal --> top predator in procedures for derivation of environmental quality objectives for persistent and highly lipophilic compounds. |
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Authors:
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R H Jongbloed; T P Traas; R Luttik |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Volume: 34 ISSN: 0147-6513 ISO Abbreviation: Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. Publication Date: 1996 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1996-11-27 Completed Date: 1996-11-27 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7805381 Medline TA: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 279-306 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, The Netherlands. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animal Feed
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poisoning* Animals Birds* Cadmium / analysis, metabolism Cadmium Poisoning / etiology, veterinary* DDT / analysis, metabolism, poisoning* Food Contamination Insecticides / analysis, metabolism, poisoning* Mammals* Models, Biological No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level Plants / metabolism Poisoning / etiology, veterinary Predatory Behavior Soil / standards Soil Pollutants / analysis, metabolism, poisoning* Species Specificity |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Insecticides; 0/Soil; 0/Soil Pollutants; 50-29-3/DDT; 7440-43-9/Cadmium |
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