| A new pilot flow reactor for high-intensity ultrasound irradiation. Application to the synthesis of biodiesel. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20060353 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In recent years, chemistry in flowing systems has become more prominent as a method of carrying out chemical transformations, ranging in scale from microchemistry up to kilogram-scale processes. Compared to classic batch ultrasound reactors, flow reactors stand out for their greater efficiency and flexibility as well as lower energy consumption. This paper presents a new ultrasonic flow reactor developed in our laboratory, a pilot system well suited for reaction scale up. This was applied to the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. This reaction is mass-transfer-limited initially because the two reactants are immiscible with each other, then because the glycerol phase separates together with most of the catalyst (Na or K methoxide). In our reactor a mixture of oil (1.6 L), methanol and sodium methoxide 30% in methanol (wt/wt ratio 80:19.5:0.5, respectively) was fully transesterified at about 45 degrees C in 1h (21.5 kHz, 600 W, flow rate 55 mL/min). The same result could be achieved together with a considerable reduction in energy consumption, by a two-step procedure: first a conventional heating under mechanical stirring (30 min at 45 degrees C), followed by ultrasound irradiation at the same temperature (35 min, 600 W, flow rate 55 mL/min). Our studies confirmed that high-throughput ultrasound applications definitively require flow reactors. |
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Authors:
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Pedro Cintas; Stefano Mantegna; Emanuela Calcio Gaudino; Giancarlo Cravotto |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2009-12-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Ultrasonics sonochemistry Volume: 17 ISSN: 1873-2828 ISO Abbreviation: Ultrason Sonochem Publication Date: 2010 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-06-11 Completed Date: 2010-09-17 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9433356 Medline TA: Ultrason Sonochem Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 985-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Biofuels* Industry Pilot Projects Sonication / instrumentation*, methods |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Biofuels |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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