| A multi-site analysis of the association between black carbon concentrations and vehicular idling, traffic, background pollution, and meteorology during school dismissals. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21406309 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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A study was performed to assess the relationship between black carbon (BC), passing traffic, and vehicular idling outside New York City (NYC) schools during student dismissal. Monitoring was performed at three school sites in East Harlem, the Bronx, and Brooklyn for 1month per year over a two-year period from November 2006-October 2008. Monitoring at each site was conducted before and after the Asthma Free School Zone (AFSZ) asthma reduction education program was administered. Real-time equipment with a one-minute averaging interval was used to obtain the BC data, while volume counts of idling and passing school busses, trucks, and automobiles were collected each minute by study staff. These data were matched to ambient PM(2.5) and meteorology data obtained from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. A generalized additive model (GAM) model was run to examine the relationship between BC concentration and each variable while accounting for site-to-site differences. F-tests were employed to assess the significance of each of the predictor variables. The model results suggested that variability in ambient PM(2.5) concentration contributed 24% of the variability in transformed BC concentration, while variability in the number of idling busses and trucks on the street during dismissal contributed 20% of the variability in transformed BC concentration. The results of this study suggest that a combination of urban scale and local traffic control approaches in combination with cessation of school bus idling will produce improved local BC concentration outside schools. |
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Authors:
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J Richmond-Bryant; L Bukiewicz; R Kalin; C Galarraga; F Mirer |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-3-14 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Science of the total environment Volume: - ISSN: 1879-1026 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-3-16 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0330500 Medline TA: Sci Total Environ Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Published by Elsevier B.V. |
Affiliation:
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Drive, MC B243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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