| The influence of sex hormones on cytokines in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a review. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 15957520 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
The female predominance of multiple sclerosis (MS) has suggested that hormonal differences between the sexes must confer some protective effect on males or enhance the susceptibility of females to this disease. There has been evidence that gonadal hormones can modulate the immune response regulated by antigen presenting cells and T cells. These cells control the immune response by the production of interacting pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The first include the acute phase pro-inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune response as well as the T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, while the later contain the Th2 cytokines as well as the suppressor cytokines. There is some evidence that MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) are Th1 cell-mediated diseases. For this reason many studies have been done to influence the pro-inflammatory cytokine production of these Th1 cells in favour of an anti-inflammatory immune response as mediated by Th2 cells. However the role of the regulatory T cells in this context is not clearly understood. Here we review the studies concerning the role of sex hormones on the cytokine production in relation to the disease course of MS and EAE and in particular in the light of the recent revival of the regulatory T cells and their suppressive cytokines. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Hans H L P van den Broek; Jan G M C Damoiseaux; Marc H De Baets; Raymond M M Hupperts |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) Volume: 11 ISSN: 1352-4585 ISO Abbreviation: Mult. Scler. Publication Date: 2005 Jun |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2005-06-16 Completed Date: 2005-07-15 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 9509185 Medline TA: Mult Scler Country: England |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 349-59 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, P Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. hvan@sneu.azm.nl |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Animals Cytokines / immunology* Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / immunology, physiopathology* Female Gonadal Steroid Hormones / physiology* Humans Male Multiple Sclerosis / immunology, physiopathology* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Cytokines; 0/Gonadal Steroid Hormones |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Successful pregnancy of a patient with Balo's concentric sclerosis.
Next Document: One-year cyclophosphamide treatment combined with methylprednisolone improves cognitive dysfunction ...