| The importance of glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid transport and regulation in manganese, mercury and lead neurotoxicity. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 15845423 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Historically, amino acids were studied in the context of their importance in protein synthesis. In the 1950s, the focus of research shifted as amino acids were recognized as putative neurotransmitters. Today, many amino acids are considered important neurochemicals. Although many amino acids play a role in neurotransmission, glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are among the more prevalent and better understood. Glu, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and Gly and GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitters, in the central nervous system, are known to be tightly regulated. Prolonged exposure to environmental toxicants, such as manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb), however, can lead to dysregulation of these neurochemicals and subsequent neurotoxicity. While the ability of these metals to disrupt the regulation of Glu, Gly and GABA have been studied, few articles have examined the collective role of these amino acids in the respective metal's mechanism of toxicity. For each of the neurotransmitters above, we will provide a brief synopsis of their regulatory function, including the importance of transport and re-uptake in maintaining their optimal function. Additionally, the review will address the hypothesis that aberrant homeostasis of any of these amino acids, or a combination of the three, plays a role in the neurotoxicity of Mn, Hg, or Pb. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Vanessa A Fitsanakis; Michael Aschner |
Related Documents
:
|
612413 - Effect of gaba on the electrical potentials across the mouse small intestine. 14567543 - Kinetic studies on the inhibition of gaba-t by gamma-vinyl gaba and taurine. 16659513 - Additive and synergistic growth-inhibiting properties of the canaline-urea cycle amino ... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Toxicology and applied pharmacology Volume: 204 ISSN: 0041-008X ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Publication Date: 2005 May |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2005-04-22 Completed Date: 2005-06-13 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0416575 Medline TA: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 343-54 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Department of Pediatrics, B-3307 Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2495, USA. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Animals Biological Transport Glutamic Acid / metabolism* Glycine / metabolism* Humans Kidney Diseases / chemically induced, metabolism Lead Poisoning / metabolism* Manganese Poisoning / metabolism* Mercury Poisoning / metabolism* gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / metabolism* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
56-12-2/gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; 56-40-6/Glycine; 56-86-0/Glutamic Acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Role of glutathione transport processes in kidney function.
Next Document: The dopamine transporter: role in neurotoxicity and human disease.