| The hypoxia response pathway and β-cell function. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21029313 Owner: NLM Status: In-Process |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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β-cells sense glucose and secrete appropriate amounts of insulin by coupling glucose uptake and glycolysis with quantitative ATP production via mitochondrial oxidative pathways. Therefore, oxidative phosphorylation is essential for normal β-cell function. Multiple cell types adapt to hypoxia by inducing a transcriptional programme coordinated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF activity is regulated by the von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl) protein, which targets the HIFα subunit for proteasomal degradation in the presence of oxygen. Several recent studies have shown that Vhl deletion in β-cells results in Hif1α activation, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose intolerance. This was found to be because of alterations in β-cell gene expression inducing a switch from aerobic glucose metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis, thus disrupting the GSIS triggering pathway. Situations in which islets may become hypoxic are discussed, in particular islet transplantation which has been reported to cause islet hypoxia because of an inadequate blood supply post-transplant. Aside from this principal role for HIF in negatively regulating β-cell glucose sensing, other aspects of hypoxia signalling are discussed including β-cell differentiation, development and vascularization. In conclusion, recent studies clearly show that hypoxia response mechanisms can negatively impact on glucose sensing mechanisms in the β-cell and this has the potential to impair β-cell function in a number of physiological and clinical situations. |
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Authors:
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J Cantley; S T Grey; P H Maxwell; D J Withers |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism Volume: 12 Suppl 2 ISSN: 1463-1326 ISO Abbreviation: Diabetes Obes Metab Publication Date: 2010 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-10-29 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100883645 Medline TA: Diabetes Obes Metab Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 159-67 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Affiliation:
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Faculty of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK. j.cantley@garvan.org.au |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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