| Is fetal cardiac function gender dependent? | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21413043 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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INTRODUCTION: An increased nuchal translucency (NT) is more common in males. A delayed diastolic cardiac function maturation has been proposed to explain this and the reported gender-related differences in ductus venosus (DV) flow. OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender-related differences in fetal cardiac function. METHODS: One hundred and ninety karyotypically/phenotypically normal fetuses with structurally normal hearts and known NT measurement, (104 > 95th percentile), were prospectively included between 1 October 2003 and 1 April 2009. They had been referred for fetal echocardiography. Three hundred and nine echocardiograms were performed between 11 and 35 weeks' gestation. The atrioventricular valve E- and A-wave peak velocity, E/A-velocity ratio and E/TVI ratio, myocardial performance index, semilunar valves acceleration time (AT) and peak velocity, stroke volume and cardiac output as well as DV pulsatility index for veins at 11-14 weeks' gestation, were measured. A multilevel analysis was performed using the NT (multiples of the median) as a continuous variable. RESULTS: The male : female ratio was 1.56:1. The tricuspid valve E/TVI was significantly higher and pulmonary valve AT significantly lower in females compared to males. No other significant differences in cardiac function were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest better right ventricular (RV) relaxation and increased RV afterload in female fetuses, independent of NT thickness, between 11 and 35 weeks' gestation. |
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Authors:
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S A B Clur; K Oude Rengerink; B W Mol; J Ottenkamp; C M Bilardo |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Evaluation Studies; Journal Article Date: 2011-03-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Prenatal diagnosis Volume: 31 ISSN: 1097-0223 ISO Abbreviation: Prenat. Diagn. Publication Date: 2011 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-05-23 Completed Date: 2011-09-30 Revised Date: 2012-01-13 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8106540 Medline TA: Prenat Diagn Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 536-42 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.a.clur@amc.nl |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Blood Flow Velocity Echocardiography / methods Female Fetal Heart / physiology* Fetus / blood supply*, physiology Gestational Age Humans Male Nuchal Translucency Measurement Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, Second Pregnancy Trimester, Third Sex Characteristics* Ultrasonography, Prenatal / methods |
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