| The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17978186 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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HIV-1 group M subtype B was the first HIV discovered and is the predominant variant of AIDS virus in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa. However, the circumstances of its origin and emergence remain unresolved. Here we propose a geographic sequence and time line for the origin of subtype B and the emergence of pandemic HIV/AIDS out of Africa. Using HIV-1 gene sequences recovered from archival samples from some of the earliest known Haitian AIDS patients, we find that subtype B likely moved from Africa to Haiti in or around 1966 (1962-1970) and then spread there for some years before successfully dispersing elsewhere. A "pandemic" clade, encompassing the vast majority of non-Haitian subtype B infections in the United States and elsewhere around the world, subsequently emerged after a single migration of the virus out of Haiti in or around 1969 (1966-1972). Haiti appears to have the oldest HIV/AIDS epidemic outside sub-Saharan Africa and the most genetically diverse subtype B epidemic, which might present challenges for HIV-1 vaccine design and testing. The emergence of the pandemic variant of subtype B was an important turning point in the history of AIDS, but its spread was likely driven by ecological rather than evolutionary factors. Our results suggest that HIV-1 circulated cryptically in the United States for approximately 12 years before the recognition of AIDS in 1981. |
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Authors:
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M Thomas P Gilbert; Andrew Rambaut; Gabriela Wlasiuk; Thomas J Spira; Arthur E Pitchenik; Michael Worobey |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2007-10-31 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Volume: 104 ISSN: 1091-6490 ISO Abbreviation: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Publication Date: 2007 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-11-27 Completed Date: 2008-01-02 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7505876 Medline TA: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 18566-70 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. |
| Data Bank Information | |
Bank Name/Acc. No.:
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GENBANK/EF159970; EF159971; EF159972; EF159973; EF159974; EF362773; EF362774; EF362775; EF362776; EF362777 |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
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epidemiology Americas DNA, Viral / genetics HIV-1 / classification, genetics* Humans Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Time Factors |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/DNA, Viral |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 20;104(47):18351-2
[PMID:
18003901
]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 11;105(10):E13 [PMID: 18326028 ] |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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