| A critical review of the role of endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11811373 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The endothelium produces a variety of substances that play important roles in regulation of the circulation and vascular wall homeostasis. The control of blood vessel wall homeostasis is achieved via production of vasorelaxants and vasoconstrictors. Among the vasorelaxants are nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, various endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs, such as cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid like epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and endocannabinoids), and C-type natriuretic peptide. Among the vasoconstrictors we find endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCF) that are cyclooxygenase products such as endoperoxides and thromboxanes. The endothelium, via these and other agents, also exerts a critical influence on the blood stream, particularly formed elements such as leucocytes and platelets, and on substances involved in blood coagulation. All these effects contribute to modulating the growth of the vascular wall in hypertension, and participate in the development of atherothrombotic complications associated with hypertension. Inhibition of NO production may induce elevation of blood pressure in experimental animals. However, even today, we do not have incontrovertible evidence of participation of NO, EDHFs or EDCFs, or other endothelial products, in the pathogenesis of hypertension, although there is evidence of abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypertension in many but not all hypertensives. It is unclear, however, to what extent this may precede hypertension or be a consequence of elevated blood pressure, possibly contributing to its complications. Also, it is often difficult to dissociate abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation from confounding factors such as the presence of associated conditions like dyslipidaemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and others, that are accompanied themselves by abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation. There is some evidence for a role of ET-1 in blood pressure elevation in some experimental forms of hypertension, particularly severe, sodium-sensitive hypertension, in which it may play a role in accentuating rather than initiating blood pressure elevation. Endothelin-1 may play a similar role in human hypertension. |
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Authors:
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E L Schiffrin |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Volume: 38 Suppl 2 ISSN: 0160-2446 ISO Abbreviation: J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Publication Date: 2001 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2002-01-28 Completed Date: 2002-07-22 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7902492 Medline TA: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: S3-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. schiffe@ircm.qc.ca |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid
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analogs & derivatives,
metabolism* Cannabinoids / metabolism Endocannabinoids Endothelin-1 / physiology Endothelins / physiology* Endothelium, Vascular / physiology* Epoprostenol / physiology Humans Hypertension / metabolism, physiopathology* Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / physiology Nitric Oxide / physiology* Oxidative Stress / physiology Oxygen / physiology Peroxides / metabolism Thromboxanes / physiology Vasodilator Agents / metabolism* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cannabinoids; 0/Endocannabinoids; 0/Endothelin-1; 0/Endothelins; 0/Peroxides; 0/Thromboxanes; 0/Vasodilator Agents; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 127869-51-6/Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; 35121-78-9/Epoprostenol; 7324-41-6/8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; 7782-44-7/Oxygen |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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