| The contributions of Carl Ludwig to cardiology. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 10202196 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
The basic instruments for measuring functional cardiovascular parameters and the most important discoveries made by Carl Ludwig and his disciples in cardiovascular physiology are described and put into perspective in regard to the further development of his methods and ideas. The most important apparatus was the kymograph, which, for the first time, made recording and documenting of functional parameters possible. This instrument was also used for the functional evaluation of the isolated perfused frog heart that was developed by Elias Cyon in Ludwig's Leipzig Physiological Institute. In the isolated frog heart, important phenomena were discovered such as the staircase ('Treppe'), the absolute refractory period and the all-or-none law of the heart. The isolated dog heart was used to determine the origin of the first heart sound, which was characterized as a muscle tone. To measure regional blood flow and eventually cardiac output, a flowmeter ('Stromuhr') was designed. Precise measurements of cardiac output became possible only when Adolf Fick had developed his principle, which served as the basis for the modern indicator methods. Cyon and Ludwig also discoverd the depressor nerve, which constitutes the basis of the baroreceptor reflex. Finally, the precise localization of the vasomotor centre in the ventrolateral medulla was achieved in Ludwig's Leipzig Physiological Institute. This was confirmed more than 100 years later with modern neuroanatomical methods making use of retrograde axonal transport. Thus, Ludwig and his scholars made major substantial contributions to cardiovascular knowledge that can be considered to constitute the basis of modern cardiology. |
| | |
Authors:
|
H G Zimmer |
Related Documents
:
|
16341966 - The diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in critically iii trauma patients with blunt chest... 10172286 - New developments in perioperative cardiovascular monitoring. 230966 - Aerobic lactate synthesis by cardiac muscle. 1796146 - Effects of ph cl 28a on eicosanoid synthesis in rat isolated hearts. 2955016 - Prospective analysis of electrocardiographic variables as markers for extent and locati... 5723386 - Report of 24 cases of myocardial infarction treated at home. |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Biography; Historical Article; Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: The Canadian journal of cardiology Volume: 15 ISSN: 0828-282X ISO Abbreviation: Can J Cardiol Publication Date: 1999 Mar |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 1999-04-30 Completed Date: 1999-04-30 Revised Date: 2008-11-21 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 8510280 Medline TA: Can J Cardiol Country: CANADA |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 323-9 Citation Subset: IM; Q |
Affiliation:
|
Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. zimmer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Cardiology
/
history*,
instrumentation Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena Germany History, 19th Century |
| Personal Name Subject | |
Personal Name Subject:
|
C Ludwig |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Cardiac neoplasms at the Canadian Reference Centre for Cancer Pathology.
Next Document: Calcium channel blockers in myocardial and cerebral ischemia: a clinician's review from bench to bed...