| The contribution of skin blood flow in warming the skin after the application of local heat; the duality of the Pennes heat equation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21123103 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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As predicted by the Pennes equation, skin blood flow is a major contributor to the removal of heat from an external heat source. This protects the skin from erythema and burns. But, for a person in a thermally neutral room, the skin is normally much cooler than arterial blood. Therefore, if skin blood flow (BF) increases, it should initially warm the skin paradoxically. To examine this phenomenon, 10 young male and female subjects participated in a series of experiments to examine the contribution of skin blood flow in the initial warming the skin after the application of local heat. Heat flow was measured by the use of a thermode above the brachioradialis muscle. The thermode was warmed by constant temperature water at 44°C entering the thermode at a water flow rate of 100cm(3)/min. Skin temperature was measured by a thermistor and blood flow in the underlying skin was measured by a laser Doppler imager in single point mode. The results of the experiments showed that, when skin temperature is cool (31-32°C), the number of calories being transferred to the skin from the thermode cannot account for the rise in skin temperature alone. A significant portion of the rise in skin temperature is due to the warm arterialized blood traversing the skin from the core areas of the body. However, as skin temperature approaches central core temperature, it becomes less of a heat source and more of a heat sync such that when skin temperature is at or above core temperature, the blood flow to the skin, as predicted by Pennes, becomes a heat sync pulling heat from the thermode. |
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Authors:
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Jerrold Petrofsky; Dominic Paluso; Devyn Anderson; Kristin Swan; Jong Eun Yim; Vengatesh Murugesan; Tirupathi Chindam; Neha Goraksh; Faris Alshammari; Haneul Lee; Moxi Trivedi; Akshay N Hudlikar; Vahishta Katrak |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-11-30 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Medical engineering & physics Volume: 33 ISSN: 1873-4030 ISO Abbreviation: Med Eng Phys Publication Date: 2011 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-03-08 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9422753 Medline TA: Med Eng Phys Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 325-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2010 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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