| A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19110538 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Raised blood pressure (BP), cholesterol and smoking, are the major risk factors. Among these, raised BP is the most important cause, accounting for 62% of strokes and 49% of coronary heart disease. Importantly, the risk is throughout the range of BP, starting at systolic 115 mm Hg. There is strong evidence that our current consumption of salt is the major factor increasing BP and thereby CVD. Furthermore, a high salt diet may have direct harmful effects independent of its effect on BP, for example, increasing the risk of stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy and renal disease. Increasing evidence also suggests that salt intake is related to obesity through soft drink consumption, associated with renal stones and osteoporosis and is probably a major cause of stomach cancer. In most developed countries, a reduction in salt intake can be achieved by a gradual and sustained reduction in the amount of salt added to food by the food industry. In other countries where most of the salt consumed comes from salt added during cooking or from sauces, a public health campaign is needed to encourage consumers to use less salt. Several countries have already reduced salt intake, for example, Japan (1960-1970), Finland (1975 onwards) and now the United Kingdom. The challenge is to spread this out to all other countries. A modest reduction in population salt intake worldwide will result in a major improvement in public health. |
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Authors:
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F J He; G A MacGregor |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review Date: 2008-12-25 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of human hypertension Volume: 23 ISSN: 1476-5527 ISO Abbreviation: J Hum Hypertens Publication Date: 2009 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-05-14 Completed Date: 2009-07-17 Revised Date: 2009-10-16 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8811625 Medline TA: J Hum Hypertens Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 363-84 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Blood Pressure Unit, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK. fhe@sgul.ac.uk |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Adult Animals Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology, mortality, physiopathology, prevention & control* Child Child, Preschool Diet, Sodium-Restricted* Food Habits Government Regulation Health Promotion* / legislation & jurisprudence Humans Hypertension / etiology, mortality, physiopathology, prevention & control* Infant Infant, Newborn Legislation, Food National Health Programs* / legislation & jurisprudence Nutrition Policy Risk Assessment Risk Factors Risk Reduction Behavior* Sodium Chloride, Dietary / adverse effects* World Health* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Sodium Chloride, Dietary |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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J Hum Hypertens. 2009 Nov;23(11):771-2
[PMID:
19727126
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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