| A comparison between acoustic output indices in 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound in obstetrics. | |
MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17265534 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is gaining popularity in prenatal diagnosis. While there are no studies regarding the safety of 3D ultrasound, it is now widely performed in non-medical facilities, for non-diagnostic purposes. The present study was aimed at comparing the acoustic output, as expressed by thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI), of conventional two-dimensional (2D) and 3D/4D ultrasound during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted, using three different commercially available machines (iU22, Philips Medical Systems; Prosound Alfa-10, Aloka; and Voluson 730 Expert, General Electric). Patients undergoing additional 3D/4D ultrasound examinations were recruited from those scheduled for fetal anatomy and follow-up exams. Fetuses with anomalies were excluded from the analysis. Data were collected regarding duration of the exam, and each MI and TI during 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound exams. RESULTS: A total of 40 ultrasound examinations were evaluated. Mean gestational age was 31.1 +/- 5.8 weeks, and mean duration of the exam was 20.1 +/- 9.9 min. Mean TIs during the 3D (0.27 +/- 0.1) and 4D examinations (0.24 +/- 0.1) were comparable with the TI during B-mode scanning (0.28 +/- 0.1, P = 0.343). The MIs during the 3D volume acquisitions were significantly lower than those in the 2D B-mode ultrasound studies (0.89 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.1, P = 0.018). The 3D volume acquisitions added 2.0 +/- 1.8 min of actual ultrasound scanning time (i.e. not including data processing and manipulation, or 3D displays, which are all post-processing steps). The 4D added 2.2 +/- 1.2 min. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic exposure levels during 3D/4D ultrasound examination, as expressed by TI, are comparable with those of 2D B-mode ultrasound. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the additional scanning time needed to choose an adequate scanning plane and to acquire a diagnostic 3D volume. |
Authors:
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E Sheiner; R Hackmon; I Shoham-Vardi; X Pombar; M J Hussey; H T Strassner; J S Abramowicz |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume: 29 ISSN: 0960-7692 ISO Abbreviation: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Publication Date: 2007 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-03-01 Completed Date: 2008-02-19 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9108340 Medline TA: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 326-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. sheiner@bgu.ac.il |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Adult Analysis of Variance Female Gestational Age Humans Noise* Obstetrics / methods* Pregnancy Prospective Studies Reference Values Single-Blind Method Time Ultrasonography, Prenatal / adverse effects, methods, standards* |
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