| Is the brain the essential in hypertension? | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19410005 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The brain is typically considered a target for late stage hypertensive disease due to the high prevalence of stroke among hypertensive patients. Research is reviewed, however, that suggests that the brain is implicated in the initiation of high blood pressure and is itself altered by early disease processes. A substantial literature establishes neural control of the vasculature and kidney as candidate etiological factors in essential hypertension. This research, largely done in animals, is now supplemented by behavioral and brain imaging studies in humans. This review suggests that the brain and vasculature may be independently and concurrently targeted by the factors inducing essential hypertension. Early stage hypertension is associated with cognitive deficits, altered cerebral blood flow support for cognitive processing, and decreased grey matter in specific cortical regions. Pharmacological reversal of hypertension is less successful in patients with premature brain aging and fails to reverse either the progression of functional or structural changes within the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) responses during psychological challenge differ between normotensive individuals at risk and those not at risk for hypertension because of their exaggerated blood pressure responses to psychological challenge. Further examination of mechanisms of action and early influences of the disease on the brain are required to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms having concurrent influences on the brain and the peripheral vasculature. |
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Authors:
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J Richard Jennings; Ydwine Zanstra |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review Date: 2009-05-04 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: NeuroImage Volume: 47 ISSN: 1095-9572 ISO Abbreviation: Neuroimage Publication Date: 2009 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-07-31 Completed Date: 2009-10-09 Revised Date: 2012-01-26 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9215515 Medline TA: Neuroimage Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 914-21 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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University of Pittsburgh, E1329 WPIC, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. jenningsjr@upmc.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Brain
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blood supply,
physiopathology* Cerebrovascular Circulation Humans Hypertension / physiopathology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HL040962/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; HL057529/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; HL07560/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; HL076852/076858/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-07/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL057529-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL101959-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL101959-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; T32 HL007560-25/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; T32 HL007560-26/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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