| The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 15134565 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Living beings have evolved over the past two billion years through adaptation, to an increasing atmospheric oxygen concentration, by both taking advantage of oxygen activating function and developing a complex control network. In these regards, potentially damaging species (reactive oxygen, nitrogen and chlorine species) arise as by-products of metabolism and also work as physiological mediators and signalling molecules. Oxidative stress may be an important factor in numerous pathological conditions, i.e. infection if micronutrients are deficient. Levels of these species are controlled by the antioxidant defence system, which is composed by antioxidants and pro-antioxidants. Several components of this system are micronutrients (e.g. vitamins C and E), are dependent upon dietary micronutrients (e.g. CuZn and Mn superoxide dismutase) or are produced by specific endogenous pathways. The antioxidant defences act, to control levels of these species, as a coordinated system where deficiencies in one component may affect the efficiency of the others. In this network some of the components act as direct antioxidants whereas others act indirectly (pro-antioxidants) either by modulation of direct agents or by regulation of the biosynthesis of antioxidant proteins. Thus, entities usually not considered as antioxidants, also act efficiently counteracting damaging effects of oxidative species. In this contest, the design of new molecules that take into account synergistic interactions among different antioxidants, could be useful both to address mechanistic studies and to develop possible therapeutic agents. In this review the principal categories of antioxidants and pro-antioxidants that goes from vitamins through phyto-derivatives to minerals, are critically reviewed, with particular emphasis on structure-function considerations, together with the perspective opened, in the design of possible therapeutic agents, by the antioxidants interplay. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Silvia Vertuani; Angela Angusti; Stefano Manfredini |
Related Documents
:
|
11281285 - The biosynthesis of erythroascorbate in saccharomyces cerevisiae and its role as an ant... 19447255 - Preparation of the different derivatives of the low-molecular-weight porphyran from por... 10496415 - Antioxidant properties of flavonol glycosides from green beans. 17471315 - Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of sodium acetate, sodium lactate, and sodium cit... 21218075 - Antidiabetic and free radicals scavenging potential of euphorbia hirta flower extract. 20161585 - The first chemical synthesis of novel meo-3-glcua derivative of hyaluronan-based disacc... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Current pharmaceutical design Volume: 10 ISSN: 1381-6128 ISO Abbreviation: Curr. Pharm. Des. Publication Date: 2004 |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2004-05-11 Completed Date: 2004-06-07 Revised Date: 2006-02-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 9602487 Medline TA: Curr Pharm Des Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 1677-94 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Animals Antioxidants / chemistry*, pharmacology*, therapeutic use Humans Oxidants / antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism Oxidative Stress / drug effects, physiology Reactive Oxygen Species / antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Antioxidants; 0/Oxidants; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Pharmacology of nitric oxide: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Next Document: Oxidative stress in essential hypertension.