Document Detail


The anti-gonadotropic effects of cytokines: the role of neuropeptides.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  9785036     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The inhibitory effect of inflammation and endotoxins on the secretion of reproductive hormones from the hypothalamo-pituitary axis is well documented. A comparison of the luteinizing hormone (LH) suppressing effects of several pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that centrally administered IL-1 beta was the most potent inhibitor of pituitary LH secretion; interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were relatively less effective, whereas IL-6 was ineffective. This order of potency suggested that the anti-gonadotropic effects of an immune challenge are most likely attributable to the action of centrally released IL-1 beta, and this was supported by the demonstration that IL-1 beta suppressed hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) release. We used a multifaceted approach to identify the afferent signals in the brain that convey immune messages to hypothalamic LHRH neurons. Pharmacological studies with specific antagonists of opioid receptor subtypes demonstrated that activation of the mu 1 receptor subtype was required to transmit the cytokine signal. Furthermore, icv IL-1 beta upregulated hypothalamic POMC mRNA and increased the concentration and release of beta-endorphin, the primary ligand of mu 1 receptors. We have obtained evidence that IL-1 beta also enhanced the gene expression and concentration of tachykinins, a family of nociceptive neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. Blockade of tachykinergic NK2 receptors attenuated IL-1 beta induced inhibition of LH secretion. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL-1 beta, generated centrally in response to inflammation, upregulates the opioid and tachykinin peptides in the hypothalamus. These two groups of neuropeptides are critically involved in relaying the cytokine signal to neuroendocrine neurons and causing the suppression of hypothalamic LHRH and pituitary LH release.
Authors:
P S Kalra; T G Edwards; B Xu; M Jain; S P Kalra
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Domestic animal endocrinology     Volume:  15     ISSN:  0739-7240     ISO Abbreviation:  Domest. Anim. Endocrinol.     Publication Date:  1998 Sep 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1998-12-30     Completed Date:  1998-12-30     Revised Date:  2007-11-14    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8505191     Medline TA:  Domest Anim Endocrinol     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  321-32     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Cytokines / metabolism,  pharmacology*
Endotoxins / pharmacology
Female
Gene Expression Regulation
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / secretion
Gonadotropins, Pituitary / antagonists & inhibitors*,  secretion
Humans
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / immunology,  physiology
Hypothalamus / metabolism*
Interleukin-1 / metabolism,  pharmacology
Luteinizing Hormone / blood,  secretion
Male
Neuropeptides / physiology*
Pituitary-Adrenal System / immunology,  physiology
Rats
Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / physiology
Receptors, Opioid, mu / physiology
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
HD 11362/HD/NICHD NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cytokines; 0/Endotoxins; 0/Gonadotropins, Pituitary; 0/Interleukin-1; 0/Neuropeptides; 0/Receptors, Neurokinin-2; 0/Receptors, Opioid, mu; 33515-09-2/Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 9002-67-9/Luteinizing Hormone

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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