| Zinc fortification of cereal flours: current recommendations and research needs. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20629353 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Zinc fortification is recommended as an appropriate strategy to enhance population zinc status, but guidelines are needed on the appropriate types and levels of zinc fortification of cereal flours for mass fortification programs. OBJECTIVE: To review available information on the scientific rationale, efficacy, and effectiveness of zinc fortification programs, and to develop guidelines on appropriate levels of fortification of cereal flours, based on simulations of the amount of zinc absorbed under different dietary conditions and information on possible adverse effects. METHODS: Systematic review of scientific literature and application of an existing prediction equation to estimate zinc absorption. RESULTS: Previously completed research demonstrates that zinc intake and absorption are increased when zinc-fortified foods are consumed, but little information is, as yet, available on the biologic impact of large-scale fortification programs. Studies suggest that there are no disadvantages of the recommended ranges of zinc fortification with regard to the sensory properties of zinc-fortified foods, and most research indicates that there are no adverse effects of zinc fortification on the utilization of other minerals. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc fortification of cereal flour is a safe and appropriate strategy for enhancing the zinc status of population subgroups who consume adequate amounts of fortified cereal flour, although additional information is needed to confirm the efficacy and effectiveness of large-scale zinc fortification programs to control zinc deficiency. The appropriate level of fortification depends on the population subgroup, their usual amount of flour intake, the degree of milling and fermentation that is practiced, and the usual intakes of zinc and phytate from other food sources. Fortification recommendations are presented for different dietary scenarios. |
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Authors:
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Kenneth H Brown; K Michael Hambidge; Peter Ranum; |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Food and nutrition bulletin Volume: 31 ISSN: 0379-5721 ISO Abbreviation: Food Nutr Bull Publication Date: 2010 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-07-15 Completed Date: 2010-08-10 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7906418 Medline TA: Food Nutr Bull Country: Japan |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: S62-74 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA. khbrown@ucdavis.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Cereals* Diet Evaluation Studies as Topic Female Flour / analysis* Food Handling Food, Fortified / adverse effects, standards* Guidelines as Topic Humans Intestinal Absorption Male Minerals / metabolism Nutrition Policy* Phytic Acid / administration & dosage Sensation Triticum Zinc / administration & dosage*, adverse effects, chemistry, metabolism |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Minerals; 7440-66-6/Zinc; 83-86-3/Phytic Acid |
| Investigator | |
Investigator/Affiliation:
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Robert Black / ; Johnson Quentin / |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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