| Zalcitabine. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 1281077 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Zalcitabine is an analogue of the nucleoside deoxycytidine which, when intracellularly converted to an active triphosphate metabolite, inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Zalcitabine is thought to act in the early phase of HIV replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase and terminating the viral DNA chain. In vitro, zalcitabine is one of the more effective nucleoside analogues currently in clinical use for HIV infection, with 0.5 mumol/L concentrations completely inhibiting HIV replication in human T lymphocyte cell lines. In clinical trials, p24 antigen levels decreased and CD4 cell counts increased in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) receiving zalcitabine > or = 0.03 mg/kg/day as monotherapy. Dose-dependent adverse effects that include peripheral neuropathy, stomatitis and rash, restrict long term use at higher dosages, and it is unclear whether zalcitabine monotherapy is as effective as zidovudine in extending survival in HIV-infected patients. Alternating or concomitant therapy with zalcitabine and zidovudine provides effective inhibition of viral replication and disease progression (as measured by improvements in CD4 cell counts) with lower and less toxic dosage regimens. At present, therefore, zalcitabine has a place in AIDS therapy both in combination with zidovudine, and as monotherapy for patients unable to tolerate zidovudine. |
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Authors:
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R Whittington; R N Brogden |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Drugs Volume: 44 ISSN: 0012-6667 ISO Abbreviation: Drugs Publication Date: 1992 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1993-01-08 Completed Date: 1993-01-08 Revised Date: 2005-11-16 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7600076 Medline TA: Drugs Country: NEW ZEALAND |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 656-83 Citation Subset: IM; X |
Affiliation:
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Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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drug therapy* CD4-CD8 Ratio / drug effects Drug Therapy, Combination Drug Tolerance HIV / drug effects, physiology Humans Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / therapeutic use* Virus Replication / drug effects |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; 3575-15-3/1,1-di(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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