Document Detail


Why is D-serine nephrotoxic and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid protective?
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  17429029     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
D-Serine selectively causes necrosis of S(3) segments of proximal tubules in rats. This leads to aminoaciduria and glucosuria. Coinjection of the nonmetabolizable amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) prevents the tubulopathy. D-serine is selectively reabsorbed in S(3), thereby gaining access to peroxisomal D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO). D-AAO-mediated metabolism produces reactive oxygen species. We determined the fractional excretion of amino acids and glucose in rats after intraperitoneal injection of d-serine alone or together with reduced glutathione (GSH) or AIB. Both compounds prevented the hyperaminoaciduria. We measured GSH concentrations in renal tissue before (control) and after D-serine injection and found that GSH levels decreased to approximately 30% of control. This decrease was prevented when equimolar GSH was coinjected with D-serine. To find out why AIB protected the tubule from D-serine toxicity, we microinfused D-[(14)C]serine or [(14)C]AIB (0.36 mmol/l) together with [(3)H]inulin in late proximal tubules in vivo and measured the radioactivity in the final urine. Fractional reabsorption of D-[(14)C]serine and [(14)C]AIB amounted to 55 and 70%, respectively, and 80 mmol/l of AIB or D-serine mutually prevented reabsorption to a great extent. D-AAO activity measured in vitro (using D-serine as substrate) was not influenced by a 10-fold higher AIB concentration. We conclude from these results that 1) D-AAO-mediated d-serine metabolism lowers renal GSH concentrations and thereby provokes tubular damage because reduction of reactive oxygen species by GSH is diminished and 2) AIB prevents d-serine-induced tubulopathy by inhibition of D-serine uptake in S(3) segments rather than by interfering with intracellular D-AAO-mediated D-serine metabolism.
Authors:
Alexander W Krug; Katharina Völker; William H Dantzler; Stefan Silbernagl
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2007-04-11
Journal Detail:
Title:  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology     Volume:  293     ISSN:  1931-857X     ISO Abbreviation:  Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.     Publication Date:  2007 Jul 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2007-07-09     Completed Date:  2007-08-17     Revised Date:  2011-04-28    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  100901990     Medline TA:  Am J Physiol Renal Physiol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  F382-90     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Amino Acids / blood
Aminoisobutyric Acids / therapeutic use*
Animals
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / antagonists & inhibitors
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Glucose / metabolism
Glutathione / metabolism
Glycosuria / chemically induced
Hydrogen Peroxide / metabolism
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Insulin / diagnostic use
Kidney / drug effects,  metabolism
Kidney Diseases / chemically induced*,  pathology,  prevention & control*
Kidney Tubules, Proximal / cytology,  drug effects,  metabolism
Loop of Henle / drug effects,  metabolism
Male
Oxidation-Reduction
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Serine / administration & dosage,  metabolism,  toxicity*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
DK-16294/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Amino Acids; 0/Aminoisobutyric Acids; 11061-68-0/Insulin; 50-99-7/Glucose; 56-45-1/Serine; 62-57-7/2-aminoisobutyric acid; 70-18-8/Glutathione; 7722-84-1/Hydrogen Peroxide; EC 1.4.3.3/D-Amino-Acid Oxidase

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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