| What makes relational reasoning smart? Revisiting the perceptual-to-relational shift in the development of generalization. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19120419 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Development of reasoning is often depicted as involving increasing use of relational similarities and decreasing use of perceptual similarities ('the perceptual-to-relational shift'). We argue that this shift is a special case of a broader developmental trend: increasing sensitivity to the predictive accuracy of different similarity types. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants (3-, 4-, 5-year-olds and adults) to generalize novel information on two types of problems--offspring problems, where relational matches yield accurate generalizations, and prey problems, where perceptual matches yield accurate generalizations. On offspring problems, we replicated prior findings of increasing relational matches with age. However, we observed decreasing relational matches on prey problems. Provided feedback on their responses, 3-year-olds showed the same trend. Findings suggest that the relational shift commonly observed in categorization and analogical reasoning may reflect a general increase in children's sensitivity to cue validity rather than an overall preference to generalize over perceptual similarity. |
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Authors:
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Megan J Bulloch; John E Opfer |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Developmental science Volume: 12 ISSN: 1467-7687 ISO Abbreviation: Dev Sci Publication Date: 2009 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-01-05 Completed Date: 2009-02-19 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9814574 Medline TA: Dev Sci Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 114-22 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Child Development
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physiology* Child, Preschool Cognition / physiology Concept Formation / physiology* Female Generalization (Psychology) / physiology* Humans Male Perception / physiology* Problem Solving / physiology* Young Adult |
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