Document Detail


Walnuts and fatty fish influence different serum lipid fractions in normal to mildly hyperlipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled study.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19339404     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Increased consumption of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids decreases the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether walnuts (plant n-3 fatty acid) and fatty fish (marine n-3 fatty acid) have similar effects on serum lipid markers at intakes recommended for primary prevention of CHD. DESIGN: In a randomized crossover feeding trial, 25 normal to mildly hyperlipidemic adults consumed 3 isoenergetic diets ( approximately 30% total fat and <10% saturated fat) for 4 wk each: a control diet (no nuts or fish), a walnut diet (42.5 g walnuts/10.1 mJ), or a fish diet (113 g salmon, twice/wk). Fasting blood was drawn at baseline and at the end of each diet period and analyzed for serum lipids. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations in adults who followed the walnut diet (4.87 +/- 0.18 and 2.77 +/- 0.15 mmol/L, respectively) were lower than in those who followed the control diet (5.14 +/- 0.18 and 3.06 +/- 0.15 mmol/L, respectively) and those who followed the fish diet (5.33 +/- 0.18 and 3.2 +/- 0.15 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.0001). The fish diet resulted in decreased serum triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (1.0 +/- 0.11 and 1.23 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, respectively) compared with the control diet (1.12 +/- 0.11 and 1.19 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, respectively) and the walnut diet (1.11 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, P < 0.05, and 1.18 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively). The ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I were lower (P < 0.05) in those who followed the walnut diet compared with those who followed the control and fish diets. CONCLUSION: Including walnuts and fatty fish in a healthy diet lowered serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, respectively, which affects CHD risk favorably.
Authors:
Sujatha Rajaram; Ella Hasso Haddad; Alfredo Mejia; Joan Sabaté
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2009-04-01
Journal Detail:
Title:  The American journal of clinical nutrition     Volume:  89     ISSN:  1938-3207     ISO Abbreviation:  Am. J. Clin. Nutr.     Publication Date:  2009 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2009-04-21     Completed Date:  2009-05-14     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0376027     Medline TA:  Am J Clin Nutr     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1657S-1663S     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adult
Aged
Animals
Cholesterol / blood
Cholesterol, LDL / blood,  drug effects
Coronary Disease / prevention & control
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / pharmacology*
Female
Fishes*
Humans
Hyperlipidemias / blood*,  prevention & control*
Lipids / blood*
Lipoproteins / blood
Male
Meat
Middle Aged
Nuts*
Triglycerides / blood
Young Adult
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cholesterol, LDL; 0/Fatty Acids, Omega-3; 0/Lipids; 0/Lipoproteins; 0/Triglycerides; 57-88-5/Cholesterol

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