| Viewpoints on Acid-induced inflammatory mediators in esophageal mucosa. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21103419 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
We have focused on understanding the onset of gastroesophageal reflux disease by examining the mucosal response to the presence of acid in the esophageal lumen. Upon exposure to HCl, inflammation of the esophagus begins with activation of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member-1 (TRPV1) in the mucosa, and production of IL-8, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and platelet activating factor (PAF). Production of SP and CGRP, but not PAF, is abolished by the neural blocker tetrodotoxin suggesting that SP and CGRP are neurally released and that PAF arises from non neural pathways. Epithelial cells contain TRPV1 receptor mRNA and protein and respond to HCl and to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin with production of PAF. PAF, SP and IL-8 act as chemokines, inducing migration of peripheral blood leukocytes. PAF and SP activate peripheral blood leukocytes inducing the production of H(2)O(2). In circular muscle, PAF causes production of IL-6, and IL-6 causes production of additional H(2)O(2), through activation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Among these, NADPH oxidase 5 cDNA is significantly up-regulated by exposure to PAF; H(2)O(2) content of esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter circular muscle is elevated in human esophagitis, causing dysfunction of esophageal circular muscle contraction and reduction in esophageal sphincter tone. Thus esophageal keratinocytes, that constitute the first barrier to the refluxate, may also serve as the initiating cell type in esophageal inflammation, secreting inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines and affecting leukocyte recruitment and activity. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Karen M Harnett; Florian Rieder; Jose Behar; Piero Biancani |
Related Documents
:
|
15630429 - Immunoregulatory functions of surfactant proteins. 16625859 - Potential indications for somatostatin analogues: immune system and limphoproliferative... 9637349 - Neuropeptides in the immunomodulation: substance p-induced stimulation of immune respon... 1385329 - Effect of substance p and somatostatin on migration of polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells in... 2562379 - The "in vitro" effects of lithium on the immune system. 11093139 - Anti-inflammatory properties of the type 1 and type 2 vasoactive intestinal peptide rec... 17003459 - Sustained versus transient erk1/2 signaling underlies the anti- and proapoptotic effect... 6086779 - Effect of bovine recombinant alpha-1 interferon on inflammatory responses of bovine pha... 15911099 - Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of celecoxib on human chronic myeloid leukemia... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-10-30 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility Volume: 16 ISSN: 2093-0887 ISO Abbreviation: J Neurogastroenterol Motil Publication Date: 2010 Oct |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2010-11-24 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 101530189 Medline TA: J Neurogastroenterol Motil Country: Korea (South) |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 374-88 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
|
Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
|
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: From cytokines to toll-like receptors and beyond - current knowledge and future research needs in ir...
Next Document: The current prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Asia.