Document Detail


A versatile role of mammalian target of rapamycin in human dendritic cell function and differentiation.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20805416     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth and survival and exists as rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and as rapamycin-insensitive mTORC2. Although mTOR is a well-known regulator of diverse immune cells, its detailed role in human dendritic cell (DC) function and differentiation is only incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate divergent roles of mTOR during activation and differentiation of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Inhibition of mTORC1 in mDCs activated with TLR-dependent or -independent stimuli increased proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB, whereas IL-10 and STAT3 were blocked. Rapamycin regulated the costimulatory/surface molecules CD86, programmed death ligand-1, and CD25 on mDCs and significantly increased the T cell allostimulatory potential of mDCs. In contrast, rapamycin suppressed immunostimulatory molecules and the allostimulatory potential of LPS-stimulated moDCs by an inability to augment NF-κB signaling. In differentiating moDCs, the PI3K/Akt-dependent mTOR pathway was constitutively activated by GM-CSF to induce DC differentiation in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Inhibition of mTORC1 or mTORC1/2 during moDC differentiation decreased moDC survival and markedly hampered its immunostimulatory phenotype. Analyzing the fate of DCs in vivo, we found that kidney transplant patients treated with rapamycin displayed an increased immunostimulatory potential of mDCs compared with patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. Furthermore, rapamycin did not interfere with mDC differentiation in these patients. Collectively, mTOR exerts divergent immunoregulatory functions during DC activation and differentiation depending on the DC type that lead to opposing T cell responses, which might be of clinical importance in transplantation, cancer, and also for novel vaccination strategies.
Authors:
Michael Haidinger; Marko Poglitsch; Rene Geyeregger; Sudhir Kasturi; Maximilian Zeyda; Gerhard J Zlabinger; Bali Pulendran; Walter H Hörl; Marcus D Säemann; Thomas Weichhart
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2010-08-30
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)     Volume:  185     ISSN:  1550-6606     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Immunol.     Publication Date:  2010 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-09-22     Completed Date:  2010-10-19     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985117R     Medline TA:  J Immunol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  3919-31     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Cell Differentiation / immunology*
Cell Separation
Cytokines / biosynthesis,  immunology
Dendritic Cells / cytology,  immunology*,  metabolism
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / immunology*,  metabolism
Kidney Transplantation / immunology
Male
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Middle Aged
NF-kappa B / immunology,  metabolism
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases / immunology*,  metabolism
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Signal Transduction / immunology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cytokines; 0/Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0/NF-kappa B; EC 2.7.1.-/mTOR protein; EC 2.7.11.1/Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

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