| Use of rosemary, oregano, and commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22064737 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The present study was conducted to characterise the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 3 essential oils [oregano, rosemary, and a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO)] against pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria and to evaluate their effects on broiler chicken performances. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the gas chromatography interfaced with a mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were applied for the determination of antimicrobial activities of essential oils. In vivo study, a total of 750, 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: basal diet (CON), CON + 44 mg of avilamycin/kg (A), CON + 100 mg of rosemary essential oil/kg (R), CON + 100 mg of oregano essential oil/kg (O), CON + 50 mg of rosemary and 50 mg of oregano essential oils/kg (RO), and CON + 1,000 mg of BEO/kg (essential oil mixture, EOM). The essential oils isolated from rosemary and oregano were characterized by their high content in 1,8-cineole (49.99%) and carvacrol (69.55%), respectively. The BEO was mainly represented by the aldehydes (cinnamaldehyde) and the monoterpenes (1,8-cineole) chemical groups. The results of the disc diffusion method indicated that the rosemary essential oil had antibacterial activity against only 3 pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli (8 mm), Salmonella indiana (11 mm), and Listeria innocua (9 mm). The essential oil of oregano had antimicrobial effects on the same bacteria that rosemary plus on Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12 mm). Oregano essential oil had greater (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria than rosemary essential oil but they had no synergism between them. The BEO showed a high antimicrobial activity against all studied bacteria (pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria), except for Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The supplementation of the basal diet with avilamycin or essential oils improved (P ≤ 0.05) broiler chicken BW, BW gain, and gain to feed ratio compared with CON diet. There were no differences in growth performances among birds fed A, R, O, RO, or EOM diets. In general, essential oils contained in rosemary, oregano, and BEO can substitute growth promoter antibiotics. Although, the 3 essential oils had different antimicrobial activities, they exhibited the same efficiency in broiler chickens. |
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Authors:
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N Mathlouthi; T Bouzaienne; I Oueslati; F Recoquillay; M Hamdi; M Urdaci; R Bergaoui |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-7 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of animal science Volume: - ISSN: 1525-3163 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8003002 Medline TA: J Anim Sci Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Animal Production, Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture duKef, University of Jendouba, 7119 Le Kef, Tunisia. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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