| Use of nicotine patches in breast-feeding mothers: transfer of nicotine and cotinine into human milk. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 14663454 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the extent of exposure to nicotine and cotinine in breast-fed infants during maternal smoking and later during maternal use of the nicotine transdermal patch to achieve smoking cessation. METHODS: Fifteen lactating women (mean age, 32 years; mean weight, 72 kg) who were smokers (mean of 17 cigarettes per day) participated in a trial of the nicotine patch to assist in smoking cessation. Serial milk samples were collected from the women over sequential 24-hour periods when they were smoking and when they were stabilized on the 21-mg/d, 14-mg/d, and 7-mg/d nicotine patches. Nicotine and cotinine in milk were quantified by HPLC, and infant dose was calculated. Plasma concentrations of nicotine in the breast-fed infants were assessed, and the infants were also clinically assessed. RESULTS: Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in milk were not significantly different between smoking (mean of 17 cigarettes per day) and the 21-mg/d patch, but concentrations were significantly lower (P <.05) when patients were using the 14-mg/d and 7-mg/d patches than when smoking. There was also a downward trend in absolute infant dose (nicotine equivalents) from smoking or the 21-mg patch through to the 14-mg and 7-mg patches (P <.05 at both 14-mg and 7-mg doses, compared with smoking). Milk intake (shown as median and 25th to 75th percentile) by the breast-fed infants was similar while their mothers were smoking (585 mL/d [507-755 mL/d]) and subsequently when their mothers were using the 21-mg (717 mL/d [504-776 mL/d]), 14-mg (731 mL/d [535-864 mL/d]), and 7-mg (619 mL/d [520-706 mL/d]) patches (chi(2) = 3.19, P =.364). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the absolute infant dose of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine decreases by about 70% from when subjects were smoking or using the 21-mg patch to when they were using the 7-mg patch. In addition, use of the nicotine patch had no significant influence on the milk intake by the breast-fed infant. Undertaking maternal smoking cessation with the nicotine patch is, therefore, a safer option than continued smoking. |
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Authors:
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Kenneth F Ilett; Thomas W Hale; Madhu Page-Sharp; Judith H Kristensen; Rolland Kohan; L Peter Hackett |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Volume: 74 ISSN: 0009-9236 ISO Abbreviation: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Publication Date: 2003 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2003-12-09 Completed Date: 2003-12-23 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0372741 Medline TA: Clin Pharmacol Ther Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 516-24 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Pharmacology Unit, M510, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia. kilett@receptor.pharm.uwa.edu.au |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Administration, Cutaneous Adult Breast Feeding* Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Cotinine / blood, metabolism* Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Milk, Human / chemistry* Nicotine / administration & dosage, blood, metabolism* Nicotinic Agonists / administration & dosage, blood, metabolism* Pregnancy Smoking* Smoking Cessation / methods* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Nicotinic Agonists; 486-56-6/Cotinine; 54-11-5/Nicotine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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