Document Detail


U.s. Hookah tobacco smoking establishments advertised on the internet.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22261211     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Establishments dedicated to hookah tobacco smoking recently have proliferated and helped introduce hookah use to U.S. communities.
PURPOSE: To conduct a comprehensive, qualitative assessment of websites promoting these establishments.
METHODS: In June 2009, a systematic search process was initiated to access the universe of websites representing major hookah tobacco smoking establishments. In 2009-2010, codebook development followed an iterative paradigm involving three researchers and resulted in a final codebook consisting of 36 codes within eight categories. After two independent coders had nearly perfect agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.93) on double-coding the data in the first 20% of sites, the coders divided the remaining sites and coded them independently. A thematic approach to the synthesis of findings and selection of exemplary quotations was used.
RESULTS: The search yielded a sample of 144 websites originating from states in all U.S. regions. Among the hookah establishments promoted on the websites, 79% served food and 41% served alcohol. Of the websites, none required age verification, <1% included a tobacco-related warning on the first page, and 4% included a warning on any page. Although mention of the word tobacco was relatively uncommon (appearing on the first page of only 26% sites and on any page of 58% of sites), the promotion of flavorings, pleasure, relaxation, product quality, and cultural and social aspects of hookah smoking was common.
CONCLUSIONS: Websites may play a role in enhancing or propagating misinformation related to hookah tobacco smoking. Health education and policy measures may be valuable in countering this misinformation.
Authors:
Brian A Primack; Kristen R Rice; Ariel Shensa; Mary V Carroll; Erica J Depenna; Rima Nakkash; Tracey E Barnett
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  American journal of preventive medicine     Volume:  42     ISSN:  1873-2607     ISO Abbreviation:  Am J Prev Med     Publication Date:  2012 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-01-20     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8704773     Medline TA:  Am J Prev Med     Country:  Netherlands    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  150-6     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
Copyright © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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