| U.s. Hookah tobacco smoking establishments advertised on the internet. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22261211 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Establishments dedicated to hookah tobacco smoking recently have proliferated and helped introduce hookah use to U.S. communities. PURPOSE: To conduct a comprehensive, qualitative assessment of websites promoting these establishments. METHODS: In June 2009, a systematic search process was initiated to access the universe of websites representing major hookah tobacco smoking establishments. In 2009-2010, codebook development followed an iterative paradigm involving three researchers and resulted in a final codebook consisting of 36 codes within eight categories. After two independent coders had nearly perfect agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.93) on double-coding the data in the first 20% of sites, the coders divided the remaining sites and coded them independently. A thematic approach to the synthesis of findings and selection of exemplary quotations was used. RESULTS: The search yielded a sample of 144 websites originating from states in all U.S. regions. Among the hookah establishments promoted on the websites, 79% served food and 41% served alcohol. Of the websites, none required age verification, <1% included a tobacco-related warning on the first page, and 4% included a warning on any page. Although mention of the word tobacco was relatively uncommon (appearing on the first page of only 26% sites and on any page of 58% of sites), the promotion of flavorings, pleasure, relaxation, product quality, and cultural and social aspects of hookah smoking was common. CONCLUSIONS: Websites may play a role in enhancing or propagating misinformation related to hookah tobacco smoking. Health education and policy measures may be valuable in countering this misinformation. |
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Authors:
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Brian A Primack; Kristen R Rice; Ariel Shensa; Mary V Carroll; Erica J Depenna; Rima Nakkash; Tracey E Barnett |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of preventive medicine Volume: 42 ISSN: 1873-2607 ISO Abbreviation: Am J Prev Med Publication Date: 2012 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-01-20 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8704773 Medline TA: Am J Prev Med Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 150-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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