| Update on the Healthful Lipid Constituents of Commercially-Important Tree Nuts. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21985331 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Uncharacteristic of most whole foods, the major component of tree nuts is lipid; surprisingly, information on the lipid constituents in tree nuts has been sporadic and, for the most part, not well reported. Most published articles focus on only one nut type or, those that report a cultivar, lack a quality control program thus making data comparisons difficult. The present study was designed to quantify the healthful lipid constituents of ten different types of commercially-important tree nuts (i.e., almonds, black walnuts, Brazil nuts, cashews, English walnuts, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, and pistachios) according to standardized, validated methods. The total lipid content of each nut type ranged from 44.4 ± 1.9% for cashews to 77.1 ± 1.7% for macadamias. As expected, the major fatty acids present in the tree nuts were unsaturated: oleic (18:1 ω9) and linoleic (18:2 ω6) acids. A majority of the lipid extracts contained < 10% saturated fatty acids with the exceptions of Brazil nuts (24.5%), cashews (20.9%), macadamias (17.1%), and pistachios (13.3%). The total tocopherol (T) content ranged from 1.60 ± 1.27 mg/100 g nutmeat in macadamias to 32.99 ± 0.78 in black walnuts. The predominant T isomers in the nut types were α- and γ-T. Tocotrienols were also detected, but only in six of the ten nut types (i.e., Brazil nut, cashews, English walnuts, macadamias, pine nuts, and pistachios). In most cases, total phytosterol contents were greater in the present study than those reported in peer-reviewed journal articles and the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, which is attributed to total lipid extraction and the inclusion of steryl glucosides in the analysis; the levels were highest for pistachios (301.8 ± 15.4 mg/100 g nutmeat) and pine nuts (271.7 ± 9.1 mg/100 g nutmeat). Minor sterols were also quantified and identified using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. |
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Authors:
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Katherine S Robbins; Eui-Cheol Shin; Robert L Shewfelt; Ronald R Eitenmiller; Ronald B Pegg |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-10-10 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1520-5118 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-10-11 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0374755 Medline TA: J Agric Food Chem Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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