| Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22280574 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Underwater radiated noise measurements for seven types of modern commercial ships during normal operating conditions are presented. Calibrated acoustic data (<1000 Hz) from an autonomous seafloor-mounted acoustic recorder were combined with ship passage information from the Automatic Identification System. This approach allowed for detailed measurements (i.e., source level, sound exposure level, and transmission range) on ships of opportunity. A key result was different acoustic levels and spectral shapes observed from different ship-types. A 54 kGT container ship had the highest broadband source level at 188 dB re 1μPa@1m; a 26 kGT chemical tanker had the lowest at 177 dB re 1μPa@1m. Bulk carriers had higher source levels near 100 Hz, while container ship and tanker noise was predominantly below 40 Hz. Simple models to predict source levels of modern merchant ships as a group from particular ship characteristics (e.g., length, gross tonnage, and speed) were not possible given individual ship-type differences. Furthermore, ship noise was observed to radiate asymmetrically. Stern aspect noise levels are 5 to 10 dB higher than bow aspect noise levels. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of including modern ship-types in quantifying shipping noise for predictive models of global, regional, and local marine environments. |
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Authors:
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Megan F McKenna; Donald Ross; Sean M Wiggins; John A Hildebrand |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Volume: 131 ISSN: 1520-8524 ISO Abbreviation: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Publication Date: 2012 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-01-27 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7503051 Medline TA: J Acoust Soc Am Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 92 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0205. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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