Document Detail


Underestimation of relative risks by standardized incidence ratios for AIDS-related cancers.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18083545     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
PURPOSE: Registry-based studies provide valuable data regarding cancer risk among people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Such studies utilize the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) to estimate the relative risk (RR), an etiologically relevant measure. However, SIR may underestimate RR when HIV/AIDS prevalence in the general population or RR is high. We quantified the extent of this underestimation for 3 AIDS-related cancers: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma (CNS NHL) and cervical cancer. METHODS: We used data on cancer risk among PWHA from the U.S. HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study. SIRs were compared with RRs estimated using two methods: (1) SIRs calculated using pre-AIDS era (1973-1979) cancer incidence rates (SIRpre-AIDS) and (2) SIRs calculated after subtraction of cancers known to be among PWHA from general population rates (SIRexclusion). RESULTS: For KS and CNS NHL, SIRs (117.8 and 133.9, respectively) calculated using overall general population rates substantially underestimated both SIRpre-AIDS (19,778 and 3,612, respectively) and SIRexclusion (657.7 and 536.4, respectively). In contrast, the extent of underestimation was negligible for cervical cancer (SIR = 4.9 vs. SIRexclusion = 5.1). For KS and CNS NHL, SIRs were higher in females than in males. However, SIRpre-AIDS and SIRexclusion estimates were more similar, indicating that SIR differences artifactually reflect differences in HIV/AIDS prevalence between males and females. For KS and CNS NHL, trends across calendar time were weaker in SIRs than in SIRpre-AIDS and SIRexclusion. CONCLUSION: For KS and CNS NHL, SIRs substantially underestimate RRs. This underestimation arises from the exceptionally high relative risk of KS and CNS NHL among PWHA. SIRs must be interpreted cautiously when HIV/AIDS prevalence is high or varies across groups of interest.
Authors:
Anil K Chaturvedi; Sam M Mbulaiteye; Eric A Engels
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Annals of epidemiology     Volume:  18     ISSN:  1047-2797     ISO Abbreviation:  Ann Epidemiol     Publication Date:  2008 Mar 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2008-02-18     Completed Date:  2008-06-03     Revised Date:  2008-06-23    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9100013     Medline TA:  Ann Epidemiol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  230-4     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 7072, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. chaturva@mail.nih.gov <chaturva@mail.nih.gov>
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Central Nervous System Neoplasms / epidemiology*
Female
HIV Infections / complications*
Humans
Incidence
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / epidemiology*
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / epidemiology*
Male
Medical Record Linkage
Poisson Distribution
Prevalence
Registries
Risk
Sarcoma, Kaposi / epidemiology*
United States / epidemiology
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / epidemiology*

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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