Document Detail


Trends and causes of hospitalizations among HIV-infected persons during the late HAART era: what is the impact of CD4 counts and HAART use?
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20658748     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Declining rates of hospitalizations occurred shortly after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, trends in the late HAART era are less defined, and data on the impact of CD4 counts and HAART use on hospitalizations are needed.
METHODS: We evaluated hospitalization rates from 1999 to 2007 among HIV-infected persons enrolled in a large US military cohort. Poisson regression was used to compare hospitalization rates per year and to examine factors associated with hospitalization.
RESULTS: Of the 2429 participants, 822 (34%) were hospitalized at least once with 1770 separate hospital admissions. The rate of hospitalizations (137 per 1000 person-years) was constant over the study period [relative rate (RR) 1.00 per year change, 95% confidence interval: 0.98 to 1.02]. The hospitalization rates due to skin infections (RR: 1.50, P = 0.02), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (RR: 3.19, P = 0.03), liver disease (RR: 1.71, P = 0.04), and surgery (RR: 1.17, P = 0.04) significantly increased over time, whereas psychological causes (RR: 0.60, P < 0.01) and trauma (RR: 0.54, P < 0.01) decreased. In the multivariate model, higher nadir CD4 (RR: 0.92 per 50 cells, P < 0.01) and higher proximal CD4 counts (RR of 0.71 for 350-499 vs. <350 cells/mm(3) and RR 0.67 for > or = 500 vs. 350 cells/mm(3), both P < 0.01) were associated with lower risk of hospitalization. Risk of hospitalization was constant for proximal CD4 levels above 350 (RR: 0.94 P = 0.51, CD4 > or = 500 vs. 350-499). HAART was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization among those with a CD4 <350 (RR: 0.72, P = 0.02) but had smaller estimated and nonsignificant effects at higher CD4 levels (RR: 0.81, P = 0.33 and 1.06, P = 0.71 for CD4 350-499 and > or = 500, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations continue to occur at high rates among HIV-infected persons with increasing rates for skin infections, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, liver disease, and surgeries. Factors associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization include CD4 counts >350 cells per cubic millimeter and HAART use among patients with a CD4 count <350 cells per cubic millimeter.
Authors:
Nancy F Crum-Cianflone; Greg Grandits; Sara Echols; Anuradha Ganesan; Michael Landrum; Amy Weintrob; Robert Barthel; Brian Agan;
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)     Volume:  54     ISSN:  1944-7884     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.     Publication Date:  2010 Jul 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-07-22     Completed Date:  2010-07-26     Revised Date:  2011-09-06    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  100892005     Medline TA:  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  248-57     Citation Subset:  IM; X    
Affiliation:
Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. nancy.crum@med.navy.mil
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adult
Age Factors
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / statistics & numerical data*
CD4 Lymphocyte Count*
Female
HIV Infections / drug therapy,  epidemiology*,  immunology
Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data,  trends*
Humans
Male
Military Personnel*
Multivariate Analysis
Poisson Distribution
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
HU0001-05-2-0011//PHS HHS; Y1-AI-5072/AI/NIAID NIH HHS
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