| Trans,trans-muconic acid, a biological indicator to low levels of environmental benzene: some aspects of its specificity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10212704 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: The specificity of trans,trans-muconic acid (MA) as a biomarker of exposure to low benzene levels and the role of sorbic acid (SA) as a confounding factor were evaluated. MA, a urinary ring-opened metabolite of benzene, has been recently proposed for the biological monitoring of populations exposed to low levels of this chemical. The usual presence of MA in urine of non-occupationally exposed people is generally attributed to benzene world-wide contamination (mainly by smoking habits, urban pollution, and maybe by food contamination). However, the scientific literature reveals that the common food preservative and fungistatic agent SA is converted into MA though in trace amounts. METHODS: Urinary benzene and MA before and after administration of SA were measured in smokers and non-smokers. Benzene dissolved in urine was analyzed injecting a headspace sample in a gas-chromatografic system. Urinary MA was measured by means of a HPLC apparatus. RESULTS: The mean background values of MA were about 60 mg/L (or 50 mg/g creat.); after experimental administration of SA (447 mg), the mean urinary MA concentration became more than 20 times higher. The biotransformation rates of SA into MA after ingestion of 447 mg of SA ranged from 0.05 to 0.51%. The ratio between unmetabolized benzene in the two groups of smokers and non-smokers was significantly different from the ratio between MA in the same two groups. DISCUSSION: Other sources of MA excretion, different from benzene, influence the urinary concentration of the metabolite: only 25% of MA background values can be attributed to benzene. The urinary MA induced by 100 mg of ingested MA is 77% of that expected after an 8-hour benzene exposure to 0.5 ppm (current threshold limit value according to ACGIH). In conclusion, MA is not a sufficiently specific biomarker of low benzene exposure; a significant effect of SA ingestion is predictable. |
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Authors:
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G Pezzagno; L Maestri; M L Fiorentino |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of industrial medicine Volume: 35 ISSN: 0271-3586 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Ind. Med. Publication Date: 1999 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1999-06-07 Completed Date: 1999-06-07 Revised Date: 2006-02-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8101110 Medline TA: Am J Ind Med Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 511-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Preventive, Occupational and Community Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. fpr.pavia@fsm.it |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Benzene / analysis* Biological Markers / analysis*, urine Biotransformation Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Environmental Exposure* Environmental Pollutants / analysis* Female Food Contamination Food Preservatives / metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Sensitivity and Specificity Smoking / metabolism, urine Sorbic Acid / analogs & derivatives*, analysis, metabolism Time Factors |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Biological Markers; 0/Environmental Pollutants; 0/Food Preservatives; 110-44-1/Sorbic Acid; 505-70-4/muconic acid; 71-43-2/Benzene |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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