Document Detail


Training in the fasted state improves glucose tolerance during fat-rich diet.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20837645     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
A fat-rich energy-dense diet is an important cause of insulin resistance. Stimulation of fat turnover in muscle cells during dietary fat challenge may contribute to maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Exercise in the fasted state markedly stimulates energy provision via fat oxidation. Therefore, we investigated whether exercise training in the fasted state is more potent than exercise in the fed state to rescue whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during a period of hyper-caloric fat-rich diet. Healthy male volunteers (18-25 y) received a hyper-caloric (∼+30% kcal day(-1)) fat-rich (50% of kcal) diet for 6 weeks. Some of the subjects performed endurance exercise training (4 days per week) in the fasted state (F; n = 10), whilst the others ingested carbohydrates before and during the training sessions (CHO; n = 10). The control group did not train (CON; n = 7). Body weight increased in CON (+3.0 ± 0.8 kg) and CHO (+1.4 ± 0.4 kg) (P < 0.01), but not in F (+0.7 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.13). Compared with CON, F but not CHO enhanced whole-body glucose tolerance and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.05). Muscle GLUT4 protein content was increased in F (+28%) compared with both CHO (P = 0.05) and CON (P < 0.05). Furthermore, only training in F elevated AMP-activated protein kinase α phosphorylation (+25%) as well as up-regulated fatty acid translocase/CD36 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 mRNA levels compared with CON (∼+30%). High-fat diet increased intramyocellular lipid but not diacylglycerol and ceramide contents, either in the absence or presence of training. This study for the first time shows that fasted training is more potent than fed training to facilitate adaptations in muscle and to improve whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during hyper-caloric fat-rich diet.
Authors:
Karen Van Proeyen; Karolina Szlufcik; Henri Nielens; Koen Pelgrim; Louise Deldicque; Matthijs Hesselink; Paul P Van Veldhoven; Peter Hespel
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't    
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of physiology     Volume:  588     ISSN:  1469-7793     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Physiol. (Lond.)     Publication Date:  2010 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-11-09     Completed Date:  2011-03-10     Revised Date:  2011-11-01    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0266262     Medline TA:  J Physiol     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  4289-302     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Exercise and Health, Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Body Composition / physiology
Dietary Fats / metabolism*
Exercise / physiology*
Fasting / physiology*
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood
Glucose / metabolism*
Glycogen / metabolism
Humans
Insulin Resistance / physiology*
Lipid Metabolism / physiology
Male
Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
Physical Endurance / physiology
Young Adult
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Dietary Fats; 0/Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; 50-99-7/Glucose; 9005-79-2/Glycogen

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