| Toxin entry: how bacterial proteins get into mammalian cells. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11207543 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Certain bacteria secrete protein toxins that catalytically modify and disrupt essential processes in mammalian cells, often leading to cell death. As the substrates modified by these toxins are located in the mammalian cell cytosol, a catalytically active toxin polypeptide must reach this compartment in order to act. The toxins bind to receptors on the surface of susceptible cells and enter them by endocytic uptake. Endocytosed toxins initially accumulate in endosomes, where some of these proteins take advantage of the acidic environment within these organelles to form, or contribute to the formation of, protein-conducting channels through which the catalytic polypeptide is able to translocate into the cytosol. Other toxins are unable to respond to low pH in this way and must undergo intracellular vesicular transport to reach a compartment where pre-existing protein-conducting channels occur and can be exploited for membrane translocation--the endoplasmic reticulum. In this way, cell entry by this second group of toxins demonstrates that the secretory pathway of mammalian cells is completely reversible. |
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Authors:
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J M Lord; D C Smith; L M Roberts |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cellular microbiology Volume: 1 ISSN: 1462-5814 ISO Abbreviation: Cell. Microbiol. Publication Date: 1999 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2001-03-06 Completed Date: 2001-04-26 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100883691 Medline TA: Cell Microbiol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 85-91 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. ml@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Bacterial Toxins / metabolism* Biological Transport Cell Membrane / metabolism* Endocytosis Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism Endosomes / metabolism* Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Intracellular Membranes / metabolism Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / metabolism* Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; 0/Receptors, Cell Surface |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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