| Toxicoepidemiology in Zimbabwe: pesticide poisoning admissions to major hospitals. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16496495 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality but is not well described in developing countries. We describe the toxicoepidemiology of APP in Zimbabwe. METHODS: All cases of APP admitted to eight major referral hospitals in Zimbabwe from January 1998 to December 1999 (inclusive) were identified using ICD-9 codes and ward registers and relevant information recorded on a standard data collection sheet. RESULTS: There were a total of 914 single pesticide exposures. Almost half (49.1%) resulted from oral exposure to rodenticides, 42.2% from anticholinesterase-type pesticides (AChTP), mostly organophosphates (OP) that were responsible for over 90% of admissions from AChTP. Accidental and deliberate self-poisoning (27.1% and 58.6%, respectively) accounted for most cases with only eight homicides. The case fatality rate (CFR) in deaths/100 admissions was 6.8 [62 deaths; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.2-8.6] and was significantly higher in males (9.4) than females (4.1) (CI for difference in proportions; 2.0-8.5). In addition, the CFR for deliberate self-poisoning (DSP), 6.5 deaths/100 admissions, was also significantly higher than that for accidental poisoning (0.8 deaths/100 admissions) (CI for difference in proportions 3.2-7.9). Organophosphates were implicated in 70.9% of all fatalities, with over 20% resulting from oral exposure to rat poison (RP). CONCLUSION: Organophosphates and rat poison (RP) are the leading causes of APP admissions to major referral hospitals in Zimbabwe, with most of the admissions being the result of deliberate self-poisoning. Greater control in the sale and use of these products could help prevent significant morbidity and mortality. |
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Authors:
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Dexter Tagwireyi; Douglas E Ball; Charles F B Nhachi |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Volume: 44 ISSN: 1556-3650 ISO Abbreviation: Clin Toxicol (Phila) Publication Date: 2006 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2006-02-24 Completed Date: 2006-03-14 Revised Date: 2009-11-17 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101241654 Medline TA: Clin Toxicol (Phila) Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 59-66 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Drug and Toxicology Information Service, Department of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. dtagwireyi@medsch.uz.ac.zw |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Accidents Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Data Collection Female Hospitals, Public Humans Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Pesticides / poisoning* Poisoning / mortality, physiopathology Retrospective Studies Survival Rate Zimbabwe / epidemiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Pesticides |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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