| Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 on human sperm recognize bacterial endotoxins and mediate apoptosis. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21775336 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND Bacterial infections of the genital tract are one of the most serious causes of infertility in males. In some human patients with poor semen quality, leukocytospermia has been observed. Because leukocytes express the bacterial-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsive Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascade and secrete tumor necrosis factor-α, secreted cytokines comprise one, but probably not the only, class of factors that can impact sperm motility. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we documented that bacterial endotoxins, LPS and peptidoglycan, can be detected in human semen. Furthermore, the addition of endotoxins in the absence of leukocytes directly and significantly reduced the motility and increased the apoptotic rate of both human and mouse sperm and suppressed fertilization by mouse sperm both in vivo and in vitro. The well-known LPS receptor, TLR4, and peptidoglycan receptor, TLR2, were expressed in human and mouse sperm. In Tlr2/4(-/-) double-mutant mice, the negative effects of endotoxins on sperm functions were blocked, suggesting that the bacterial endotoxins mediated activation of TLR-dependent pathways in sperm leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Sperm can recognize bacterial endotoxins by TLRs present in their membranes. The activated TLRs reduce sperm motility, induce sperm apoptosis and significantly impair the potential for fertilization. |
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Authors:
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Youko Fujita; Toshihiro Mihara; Tetsuji Okazaki; Manami Shitanaka; Rena Kushino; Chiaki Ikeda; Hiroaki Negishi; Zhilin Liu; Joanne S Richards; Masayuki Shimada |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-7-20 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Human reproduction (Oxford, England) Volume: - ISSN: 1460-2350 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-7-21 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8701199 Medline TA: Hum Reprod Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Applied Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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