| Toll-like receptors: role of inflammation and commensal bacteria. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21428911 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), is defined as an alarm cytokine. It is secreted by macrophages and initiates inflammation on activation of TLRs. |
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Authors:
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Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi; Seyed Fazlollah Mousavi; Sepideh Seghatoleslami; Samaneh Yazdani; Mohammad Reza Nourani |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Inflammation & allergy drug targets Volume: 10 ISSN: 2212-4055 ISO Abbreviation: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Publication Date: 2011 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-05-03 Completed Date: 2011-09-08 Revised Date: 2011-11-10 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101266886 Medline TA: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Country: United Arab Emirates |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 198-207 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Bacteriology and Research Center of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. mousavi@pasteur.ac.ir. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cytokines / immunology, metabolism Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immune Tolerance Immunity, Innate Inflammation Intestinal Mucosa / immunology*, microbiology Macrophage Activation Metagenome / immunology* Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / immunology, metabolism NF-kappa B / immunology, metabolism* Neutrophils / immunology* Signal Transduction / immunology Toll-Like Receptors / immunology* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cytokines; 0/Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; 0/NF-kappa B; 0/Toll-Like Receptors |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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