| Survival among Patients with HIV Infection and Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis - United States, 1993-2006. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23110113 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: In patients with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in resource-constrained settings, smear-negative disease has been associated with higher mortality than smear-positive disease. Higher reported mortality may be due to misdiagnosis, diagnostic delays, or because smear-negative disease indicates more advanced immune suppression. METHODS: We analyzed culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB among patients with TB and HIV in the United States from 1993-2008 to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) for smear-negative disease by demographic and clinical characteristics. Allowing two years for treatment outcome to be reported, we determined hazard ratios (HRs) for survival by smear status, adjusted for significant covariates on patients before 2006. RESULTS: Among 16,710 cases with sputum smear results, 6,739 (39%) were sputum smear-negative and 9,971 (58%) were sputum smear-positive. The prevalence of smear-negative disease was lower in male patients (PR: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.93) and in those who were homeless (PR: 0.92, CI: 0.87-0.97) or used alcohol excessively (PR: 0.91, CI: 0.87-0.95), and higher in persons diagnosed while incarcerated (PR: 1.20, CI: 1.13-1.27). Patients with smear-negative disease had better survival compared to patients with smear-positive disease, both before (HR: 0.82, CI: 0.75-0.90) and after (HR: 0.81, CI: 0.71-0.92) the introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, smear-negative pulmonary TB in patients with HIV was not associated with higher mortality, in contrast to what has been documented in high TB burden settings. Smear-negative TB can be routinely and definitively diagnosed in the United States, whereas high-burden countries often rely solely on AFB-smear microscopy. This difference could contribute to diagnostic and treatment delays in high-burden countries, possibly resulting in higher mortality. |
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Authors:
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J Sean Cavanaugh; N Sarita Shah; Kevin P Cain; Carla A Winston |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2012-10-23 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: PloS one Volume: 7 ISSN: 1932-6203 ISO Abbreviation: PLoS ONE Publication Date: 2012 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-10-30 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101285081 Medline TA: PLoS One Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: e47855 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America ; Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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