| Survey of extreme solvent tolerance in gram-positive cocci: membrane fatty acid changes in Staphylococcus haemolyticus grown in toluene. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16151101 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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We exploited the unique ecological niche of oil fly larval guts to isolate a strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus which may be the most solvent-tolerant gram-positive bacterium yet described. This organism is able to tolerate 100% toluene, benzene, and p-xylene on plate overlays and saturating levels of these solvents in monophasic liquid cultures. A comparison of membrane fatty acids by gas chromatography after growth in liquid media with and without toluene showed that in cells continuously exposed to solvent the proportion of anteiso fatty acids increased from 25.8 to 33.7% while the proportion of 20:0 straight-chain fatty acids decreased from 19.3 to 10.1%. No changes in the membrane phospholipid composition were noted. Thus, S. haemolyticus alters its membrane fluidity via fatty acid composition to become more fluid when it is exposed to solvent. This response is opposite that commonly found in gram-negative bacteria, which change their fatty acids so that the cytoplasmic membrane is less fluid. Extreme solvent tolerance in S. haemolyticus is not accompanied by abnormal resistance to anionic or cationic detergents. Finally, six strains of Staphylococcus aureus and five strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which were not obtained by solvent selection, also exhibited exceptional solvent tolerance. |
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Authors:
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Lindsey E Nielsen; Dana R Kadavy; Soumitra Rajagopal; Rhae Drijber; Kenneth W Nickerson |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Applied and environmental microbiology Volume: 71 ISSN: 0099-2240 ISO Abbreviation: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Publication Date: 2005 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2005-09-09 Completed Date: 2005-11-01 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7605801 Medline TA: Appl Environ Microbiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 5171-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0666, USA. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cell Membrane / chemistry* Culture Media Drug Resistance, Bacterial Fatty Acids / analysis* Gram-Positive Cocci / chemistry, drug effects*, growth & development Microbial Sensitivity Tests / methods Phospholipids / analysis Solvents / pharmacology* Staphylococcus haemolyticus / chemistry, drug effects*, growth & development Toluene / pharmacology* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Culture Media; 0/Fatty Acids; 0/Phospholipids; 0/Solvents; 108-88-3/Toluene |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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