| Structural divergence of human ghrelin. Identification of multiple ghrelin-derived molecules produced by post-translational processing. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 12414809 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Ghrelin, a novel 28-amino acid peptide with an n-octanoyl modification at Ser(3), was isolated from rat stomach and found to be an endogenous ligand for the growth-hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). This octanoyl modification is essential for ghrelin-induced GH release. We report here the purification and identification of human ghrelin from the stomach, as well as structural analysis of the human ghrelin gene and quantitation of changes in plasma ghrelin concentration before and after gastrectomy. Human ghrelin was purified from the stomach by gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography, using a ghrelin-specific radioimmunoassay and an intracellular calcium influx assay on a stable cell line expressing GHS-R to test the fractions. In the course of purification, we isolated human ghrelin of the expected size, as well as several other ghrelin-derived molecules. Classified into four groups by the type of acylation observed at Ser(3); these peptides were found to be non-acylated, octanoylated (C8:0), decanoylated (C10:0), and possibly decenoylated (C10:1). All peptides found were either 27 or 28 amino acids in length, the former lacking the C-terminal Arg(28), and are derived from the same ghrelin precursor through two alternative pathways. The major active form of human ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide octanoylated at Ser(3), as was found for rat ghrelin. Synthetic octanoylated and decanoylated ghrelins produce intracellular calcium increases in GHS-R-expressing cells and stimulate GH release in rats to a similar degree. Both ghrelin and the ghrelin-derived molecules were found to be present in plasma as well as stomach tissue. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ghrelin after total gastrectomy in three patients were reduced to approximately half of their pre-gastrectomy values, after which they gradually increased. This suggests that the stomach is the major source of circulating ghrelin and that other tissues compensate for the loss of ghrelin production after gastrectomy. |
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Authors:
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Hiroshi Hosoda; Masayasu Kojima; Tsunekazu Mizushima; Shigeomi Shimizu; Kenji Kangawa |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2002-10-31 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of biological chemistry Volume: 278 ISSN: 0021-9258 ISO Abbreviation: J. Biol. Chem. Publication Date: 2003 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2002-12-30 Completed Date: 2003-02-10 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 2985121R Medline TA: J Biol Chem Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 64-70 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. |
| Data Bank Information | |
Bank Name/Acc. No.:
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GENBANK/AB029434; AB035700 |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aged Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence CHO Cells Calcium / metabolism Cloning, Molecular Cricetinae Female Gastrectomy* Ghrelin Growth Hormone / metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Hormones / chemistry, genetics, isolation & purification*, metabolism* Protein Precursors / chemistry, genetics, metabolism Protein Processing, Post-Translational* Rats Stomach / chemistry |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Ghrelin; 0/Peptide Hormones; 0/Protein Precursors; 7440-70-2/Calcium; 9002-72-6/Growth Hormone |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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