| Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins are present in vivo in tampons. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20335433 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) is the cause of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) associated with vaginal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. In this pilot study, we measured TSST-1 and alpha-toxin, another exotoxin, on used tampons from four healthy women with S. aureus on tampons and from two women with tampon-associated mTSS. Tampons from all six women were sectioned into approximately 0.5-cm(3) pieces, some containing menstrual blood and some lacking menstrual blood. The pH of tampon sections with or without menstrual blood was neutral. S. aureus CFU were present in tampon sections at approximately equivalent counts (total counts were 1 x 10(8) to 2 x 10(9) CFU/tampon). TSST-1 (2 to 80 microg/tampon) and alpha-toxin (28 to 30 microg/tampon) were present only in the sections containing little or no menstrual blood (low hemoglobin density). In the tampons from TSS patients, the cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was detected only in menstrual-blood-containing sections, whereas the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha and interleukin-8 were detected in all sections. Thus, IFN-gamma was being produced systemically, whereas the chemokines were being produced both locally by epithelial cells and systemically. The data show that S. aureus exotoxins can be identified in tampons ex vivo in sites with low hemoglobin density. |
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Authors:
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Patrick M Schlievert; Kimberly A Nemeth; Catherine C Davis; Marnie L Peterson; Bruce E Jones |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-03-24 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI Volume: 17 ISSN: 1556-679X ISO Abbreviation: Clin. Vaccine Immunol. Publication Date: 2010 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-05-04 Completed Date: 2010-07-20 Revised Date: 2011-01-28 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101252125 Medline TA: Clin Vaccine Immunol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 722-7 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. schli001@umn.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Bacterial Toxins
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isolation & purification*,
metabolism Colony Count, Microbial Cytokines / analysis Enterotoxins / isolation & purification*, metabolism Female Hemolysin Proteins / isolation & purification*, metabolism Human Experimentation Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Menstrual Hygiene Products / adverse effects, microbiology* Shock, Septic / microbiology Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification*, metabolism Superantigens / isolation & purification*, metabolism |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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AI074283/AI/NIAID NIH HHS; R01 AI074283-23/AI/NIAID NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Cytokines; 0/Enterotoxins; 0/Hemolysin Proteins; 0/Superantigens; 0/enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal; 0/staphylococcal alpha-toxin |
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