Document Detail


Splanchnic and systemic vasodilation: the experimental models.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  17975477     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Experimental models are a sine qua non condition for unraveling the specific components and mechanisms contributing to vascular dysfunction and arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension. Moreover, a careful selection of the type of animal model, vascular bed, and methodology is crucial for any investigation of this issue. In this review, some critical aspects related to experimental models in portal hypertension and the techniques applied are highlighted. In addition, a detailed summary of the mechanisms of arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension is presented. First, humoral and endothelial vasodilators, predominantly nitric oxide but also carbon monoxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and others are discussed. Second, time course and potential stimuli triggering and/or perpetuating splanchnic vasodilation are delineated. Finally, a brief general overview of vascular smooth muscle signaling sets the stage for a discussion on cotransmission, receptor desensitization, and the observed impairment in vasoconstrictor-induced smooth muscle contraction in the splanchnic and systemic circulation during portal hypertension.
Authors:
Reiner Wiest
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of clinical gastroenterology     Volume:  41 Suppl 3     ISSN:  0192-0790     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Clin. Gastroenterol.     Publication Date:    2007 Nov-Dec
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2007-11-02     Completed Date:  2008-02-06     Revised Date:  2008-07-10    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7910017     Medline TA:  J Clin Gastroenterol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  S272-87     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. t@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Arteries / metabolism,  physiopathology
Biological Factors / metabolism
Carbon Monoxide / metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism,  physiopathology
Humans
Hypertension, Portal / metabolism,  physiopathology*
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / metabolism,  physiopathology
Nitric Oxide / metabolism
Research Design
Signal Transduction
Splanchnic Circulation*
Time Factors
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstrictor Agents / metabolism
Vasodilation*
Vasodilator Agents / metabolism
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Biological Factors; 0/Vasoconstrictor Agents; 0/Vasodilator Agents; 0/endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 630-08-0/Carbon Monoxide

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