Document Detail


Specific inhibition of phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D by Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and Clostridium difficile toxin B-1470 in HEK-293 cells. Restoration by Ral GTPases.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  9516439     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Activation of m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, leads to phospholipase D (PLD) stimulation, a process apparently involving Rho GTPases, as shown by studies with Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme and Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). Direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also induces PLD stimulation, which is additive to the mAChR action and which is only poorly sensitive to inactivation of Rho proteins by TcdB. To study whether Ras-like GTPases are involved in PLD regulation, we studied the effects of the TcdB variant TcdB-1470 and Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL), known to inactivate Rac and some members of the Ras protein family, on PLD activities. TcdB-1470 and TcsL did not affect basal PLD activity and PLD stimulation by mAChR or direct G protein activation. In contrast, PMA-induced PLD stimulation was inhibited by TcdB-1470 and TcsL in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, without alteration in immunologically detectable PKC isozyme levels. In membranes of HEK-293 cells pretreated with TcdB-1470 or TcsL, basal and stable GTP analog-stimulated PLD activities measured with exogenous phosphatidylcholine, in the presence or absence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, were not altered. In contrast, pretreatment with TcdB-1470 and TcsL, but not TcdB, strongly reduced PMA-stimulated PLD activity. The addition of recombinant Rac1, serving as glucosylation substrate for TcdB, TcsL, and TcdB-1470, did not restore PLD stimulation by PMA. Furthermore, PMA-stimulated PLD activity, suppressed by prior treatment with TcdB-1470 or TcsL, was not rescued by the addition of recombinant Ras (RasG12V) or Rap proteins, acting as glucosylation substrates for TcsL only (Ras) or TcdB-1470 and TcsL (Rap). In contrast, the addition of recombinant Ral proteins (RalA and RalB), glucosylation substrates for TscL and TcdB-1470, but not for TcdB, to membranes of TcdB-1470- or TcsL-treated cells fully restored PLD stimulation by PMA without altering the strict MgATP dependence of PMA-induced PLD stimulation. RalA-mediated restoration of PMA-stimulated PLD activity in membranes of TcsL-treated cells was not enhanced by coaddition of RasG12V. In conclusion, the data presented indicate that TcdB-1470 and TcsL selectively interfere with phorbol ester stimulation of PLD and suggest an essential role of Ral proteins in PKC signaling to PLD in HEK-293 cells.
Authors:
M Schmidt; M Voss; M Thiel; B Bauer; A Grannass; E Tapp; R H Cool; J de Gunzburg; C von Eichel-Streiber; K H Jakobs
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't    
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of biological chemistry     Volume:  273     ISSN:  0021-9258     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Biol. Chem.     Publication Date:  1998 Mar 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1998-04-23     Completed Date:  1998-04-23     Revised Date:  2007-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985121R     Medline TA:  J Biol Chem     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  7413-22     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
3T3 Cells
Animals
Bacterial Proteins*
Bacterial Toxins / pharmacology*
Cell Line
Clostridium
Clostridium difficile
Enzyme Activation / drug effects
GTP Phosphohydrolases / metabolism*
GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
Glucosyltransferases / metabolism*
Humans
Mice
Phospholipase D / metabolism*
Protein Kinase C / metabolism
Receptor, Muscarinic M3
Receptors, Muscarinic / metabolism
Signal Transduction
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology*
ral GTP-Binding Proteins
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Bacterial Proteins; 0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Receptor, Muscarinic M3; 0/Receptors, Muscarinic; 0/lethal toxin LT, Clostridium sordellii; 0/toxB protein, Clostridium difficile; 16561-29-8/Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; EC 2.4.1.-/Glucosyltransferases; EC 2.7.11.13/Protein Kinase C; EC 3.1.4.4/Phospholipase D; EC 3.6.1.-/GTP Phosphohydrolases; EC 3.6.1.-/GTP-Binding Proteins; EC 3.6.5.2/ral GTP-Binding Proteins

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