| Specialization effect and its influence on memory and problem solving in expert chess players. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21585497 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Expert chess players, specialized in different openings, recalled positions and solved problems within and outside their area of specialization. While their general expertise was at a similar level, players performed better with stimuli from their area of specialization. The effect of specialization on both recall and problem solving was strong enough to override general expertise-players remembering positions and solving problems from their area of specialization performed at around the level of players 1 standard deviation (SD) above them in general skill. Their problem-solving strategy also changed depending on whether the problem was within their area of specialization. When it was, they searched more in depth and less in breadth; with problems outside their area of specialization, the reverse. The knowledge that comes from familiarity with a problem area is more important than general purpose strategies in determining how an expert will tackle it. These results demonstrate the link in experts between problem solving and memory of specific experiences and indicate that the search for context-independent general purpose problem-solving strategies to teach to future experts is unlikely to be successful. |
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Authors:
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Merim Bilalić; Peter McLeod; Fernand Gobet |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2009-04-08 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cognitive science Volume: 33 ISSN: 1551-6709 ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Sci Publication Date: 2009 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-05-18 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7708195 Medline TA: Cogn Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1117-43 Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2009 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University School of Social Sciences, Brunel University. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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