| Some non-equilibrium phenomena in the malic acid/water/Polysorbate 81 system. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 17071029 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Topical formulations undergo radical structural changes after application and the action on the skin is not directly related to the original structure of the formulation. This fact has been well established in the scientific literature. However, and more essential, is the fact that these changes in the formulation structure are not equilibrium ones. Especially so, with the hydroxy acids, which are widely used in cosmetic and dermatological treatment of skin. The article reports the first investigation into the non-equilibrium conditions in a hydroxy acid system. Different phases in the title system, which were not in mutual equilibrium, were brought in contact while avoiding convection. The transfer of substance between them was estimated from the changes in volume of each phase. The results showed, unexpectedly, that the systems were far from equilibrium even after prolonged times in contact. The kinetics of the changes varied to significant degree, from extremely slow, when solid phases were involved to fast for liquid phases. In one case was observed a separated layer, which was not found in the phase diagram under equilibrium conditions. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Abeer Al Bawab; Stig E Friberg; Mateus M Bergamaschi; Orlando D H Santos |
Related Documents
:
|
15069659 - Spacer length effect of a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-t... 16894789 - Preparation and evaluation of a novel chiral stationary phase based on covalently bonde... 1975719 - Amino acid analysis of selected reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic ... 9824239 - Simple method for the determination of 5-aminosalicylic and n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic a... 19808119 - Capillary electrochromatography with contactless conductivity detection for the determi... 11920949 - Simultaneous analysis of oxidized and reduced glutathione in cell extracts by capillary... 4039949 - Bile salt damage of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. 2191079 - Enzymes for biosynthesis de novo and elongation of fatty acids in mycobacteria grown in... 9926979 - Plasma and red blood cell total phospholipid fatty acid status of nonpregnant female ve... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article Date: 2006-09-29 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: International journal of pharmaceutics Volume: 332 ISSN: 0378-5173 ISO Abbreviation: Int J Pharm Publication Date: 2007 Mar |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2007-02-16 Completed Date: 2007-05-09 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 7804127 Medline TA: Int J Pharm Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 140-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13536, Amman 11942, Jordan. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Dermatologic Agents / chemistry* Kinetics Liquid Crystals Malates / chemistry* Models, Chemical Phase Transition Polysorbates / chemistry* Solubility Solvents / chemistry* Surface-Active Agents / chemistry* Volatilization Water / chemistry* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Dermatologic Agents; 0/Malates; 0/Polysorbates; 0/Solvents; 0/Surface-Active Agents; 6915-15-7/malic acid; 7732-18-5/Water |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Study of the interaction between S(--) bupivacaine and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
Next Document: Effects of drying technique on extrusion-spheronisation granules and tablet properties.